Fig. 6

GT3 effect on ARV-1 knockdown MIA PaCa-2 cells. MIA PaCa-2 cells were transduced with ARV-1 shRNA lentiviral particles, and then treated with 40μM GT3 or dissolution vehicle (control). Cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblot with antibodies against ARV-1 (a,b) caveo lin (c,d). The membranes were reprobed with actin as a loading control. Data shown of representative experiments, (mean ± SE, n = 3). * p <0.05, significant difference between control and treated cells in different conditions (One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s test). e.  Expression and localization of ceramide and caveolin in ARV-1 knockdown MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with vehicle (control) or 40μM GT3, and processed for immunofluorescence. Single confocal sections are shown in the x-y plane, ceramide (red channel), caveolin (green channel), and DAPI (blue channel)