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Fig. 1 | BMC Cancer

Fig. 1

From: γ-Tocotrienol induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells by upregulation of ceramide synthesis and modulation of sphingolipid transport

Fig. 1

Time-dependent increase of ceramide synthesis enzymes in GT3 treated MIA-PaCa-2 cells.Ceramide is produced via the de novo pathway (a, c, e) each step is catalized by the following enzymes, SPT(b), CER6 (d), and  DEGS1(f). It is also produced by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin (g) by  ASM (h). Pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated with GT3 at a concentration of 40 μM or dissolution vehicle as a control for different time periods (2, 4, 6 h). Cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblot. Membranes were incubated with antibodies against SPT(b), CERS6 (d), DEGS1(f), and ASM(h). The membranes were reprobed with actin as a loading control. All assays were conducted at least three times and blots shown are representative of the results obtained. For quantification band densities from the treatment conditions identified by the lane labels, were calculated as percentages of the value for the treated, untreated cells (100%), and shown averages ± standard deviations from three independent experiments (*p<0.05)

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