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Table 1 Patient characteristics and treatment (n = 79)

From: Survival and clinical outcomes of patients with melanoma brain metastasis in the era of checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies

Characteristic at the time of initial brain metastasis

No. of patients (%)

Median age (range), years

63 (17–91)

Sex

 Male

53 (67.1%)

Stage prior to initial brain metastasis,

 I/II

13 (16.4%)

 III

13 (16.4%)

 IV (M1a)

6 (7.6%)

 IV (M1b)

8 (10.1%)

 IV (M1c)

25 (31.6%)

 Unknown primary melanoma/Data not available

14 (17.7%)

Intracranial site of metastasisa

 Cerebrum

72 (91.1%)

 Cerebellum

17 (21.5%)

 Pons

7 (8.9%)

 Leptomeninges

2 (2.5%)

 Unknown

1 (1.3%)

Number of brain metastasisa

 1

39 (49.4%)

 2–3

15 (19%)

 4–5

6 (7.6%)

 6–9

3 (3.8%)

  ≥ 10

12 (15.2%)

 Unknown

4 (5.0%)

Size of the largest brain metastasisa

  ≤ 10 mm

25 (31.7%)

  > 10–30 mm

32 (40.5%)

  > 30–50 mm

15 (19.0%)

  > 50 mm

3 (3.8%)

 Unknown

4 (5.0%)

Symptomatic from brain metastasis

 Yes

36 (45.6%)

Sites of extracranial metastatic organsa

 Lung

22 (27.9%)

 LN/Soft tissue

21 (26.6%)

 Skin/SQ

15 (19.0%)

 Bone

12 (15.2%)

 Liver

8 (10.1%)

 Adrenal gland

3 (3.8%)

V600 BRAF mutation

 Mutated

29 (36.7%)

 Wild type

38 (48.1%)

 Unknown

12(15.2%)

Number of systemic therapy given after a diagnosis of brain metastasis

 1

28 (35.4%)

 2

22 (27.8%)

 3+

20 (25.3%)

 Info not available

9 (11.4%)

Type of systemic therapy given after a diagnosis of brain metastasis

 Ipilimumab

39 (49.4%)

 Anti PD-1 antibody

28 (35.4%)

  Concurrent Nivolumab/Ipilimumab

8 (10.1%)

 BRAF inhibitor (+/− MEK inhibitor) only

24 (30.4%)

 Cytotoxic chemotherapy

35 (44.3%)

 Interleukin-2-based biochemotherapy

10 (12.7%)

Sequence of novel drug therapy after a diagnosis of brain metastasisb

 Checkpoint inhibitor followed by BRAF inhibitor (+/− MEK inhibitor)

11 (13.9%)b

 BRAF inhibitor (+/− MEK inhibitor) followed by checkpoint inhibitor

3 (3.8%)b

  1. aat the time of initial brain metastasis diagnosis
  2. bA total of 14 patients were treated with both checkpoint inhibitor and BRAF inhibitor (+/− MEK inhibitor) after a diagnosis of brain metastasis