Fig. 7

Bile acid induces AF9 gene cleavages in TWO4 cells. Genomic DNA was extracted from BA-treated TWO4 cells for nested IPCR as described in “Methods” section. a Representative gel picture showing the AF9 gene cleavages detected in BA-treated TWO4 cells. TWO4 cells were left untreated (Lanes 1–6) or treated for 3 h with 0.5 mM of BA at pH 7.4 (Lanes 7–12) and pH 5.8 (Lanes 13–18). The IPCR bands derived from the AF9 cleaved fragments were indicated by the side bracket. M: 100 bp DNA ladder. N: Negative control for IPCR. b Average number of the AF9 gene cleavages detected by IPCR. Data represents means and SDs of three independent experiments. Each experiment consisted of four sets of IPCR assays performed in three to six replicates per set for each cell sample. Values are expressed as fold change normalised to the value of the untreated control. The differences between the untreated control and treated groups were compared by using Student’s t-test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01