Table 1 Main characteristics of cases and controls
Hypopharyngeal cancer n = 383 | Laryngeal cancer n = 454 | Controls n = 2780 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Age | ||||||
< 40 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 1.10 | 76 | 2.7 |
40–49 | 51 | 13.3 | 56 | 12.3 | 555 | 20.0 |
50–59 | 164 | 42.8 | 175 | 38.6 | 825 | 29.7 |
60–69 | 118 | 30.8 | 147 | 32.4 | 939 | 33.8 |
≥ 70 | 50 | 13.1 | 71 | 15.6 | 385 | 13.9 |
Socioeconomic status | ||||||
Farmers | 8 | 2.1 | 18 | 4.0 | 168 | 6.0 |
Self-employed workers | 25 | 6.6 | 34 | 7.5 | 152 | 5.5 |
Managers | 21 | 5.5 | 34 | 7.5 | 544 | 19.6 |
Intermediate occupations | 32 | 8.4 | 55 | 12.2 | 564 | 20.3 |
Employees | 40 | 10.4 | 45 | 10.0 | 297 | 10.7 |
Blue collar workers | 252 | 65.8 | 265 | 58.8 | 1053 | 37.9 |
Alcohol consumption, glasses/day | ||||||
≤ 0.03 | 11 | 2.9 | 19 | 4.2 | 206 | 7.5 |
0.04–2.00 | 34 | 8.9 | 70 | 15.4 | 1190 | 42.8 |
2.01–4.99 | 89 | 23.2 | 110 | 24.2 | 849 | 30.5 |
5.00–7.99 | 78 | 20.4 | 108 | 23.8 | 305 | 10.9 |
8.00–11.99 | 82 | 21.4 | 74 | 16.3 | 134 | 4.8 |
≥ 12 | 70 | 18.3 | 54 | 11.9 | 73 | 2.6 |
Smoking status | ||||||
Never | 3 | 0.8 | 13 | 2.9 | 753 | 27.1 |
Former | 121 | 31.6 | 122 | 26.9 | 1271 | 45.7 |
Current | 256 | 66.9 | 317 | 69.8 | 751 | 27.0 |
Lifetime exposure prevalence | ||||||
Petroleum-based solvents | ||||||
Benzene | 16.9 | 15.6 | 11.7 | |||
Gasoline | 11.6 | 11.1 | 8.7 | |||
Special petroleum-based products | 3.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | |||
Diesel, fuels and kerosene | 20.0 | 18.4 | 14.4 | |||
White spirits | 21.3 | 18.7 | 14.4 | |||
Oxygenated solvents | ||||||
Ketones and esters | 13.5 | 11.8 | 9.5 | |||
Alcohols | 12.2 | 11.5 | 12.9 | |||
Diethyl ether | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.4 | |||
Ethylene glycol | 6.5 | 7.0 | 6.1 | |||
Tetrahydrofuran | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.7 | |||