Fig. 4

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation in canine and feline tumoral mammary cell lines after treatment with BB-CLA. a Whole cell lysates treated for 3 h with DMEM (untreated), DMSO (control), or 10 μM BB-CLA were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analyses probed with 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). β-actin was included as a loading control. Representative Western blots and quantifications are shown. Quantification is represented as the fold change of GRP78 band density over β-actin band density. b Cells were treated with BB-CLA for 3 h (i) and 6 h (ii), probed with ATF4 antibodies and subjected to immunofluorescence. Representative fluorescence pictures and quantifications, using Image J Software, are shown. *P < 0.05, n = 3. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation