Impact of resistance training on body composition and metabolic syndrome variables during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Table 5 Within- and between-group changes in metabolic syndrome variables over 12 weeks

	Baseline		Week 12		Within-group mean change over 12 weeks^a	Between-group mean change over 12 weeks^b
Outcome	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)	P
Waist circumference (cm)
EXE	13	106.8 ± 14.2	13	105.6 ± 14.4	−1.2 (−3.3, − 1.0)	−3.7 (−6.6, − 0.8)	0.01
NoEXE	19	97.9 ± 10.1	19	99.6 ± 12.4	2.0 (0.2, 3.7)
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
EXE	13	122.2 ± 14.2	13	122.4 ± 15.3	−1.4 (− 8.5, 5.7)	−5.1 (− 15.5, 5.3)	0.32
NoEXE	19	128.8 ± 13.0	19	129.8 ± 14.0	2.1 (−3.8, 7.9)
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
EXE	13	76.9 ± 9.2	13	75.4 ± 8.9	−1.9 (−6.3, 2.5)	− 0.5 (− 6.8, 5.8)	0.87
NoEXE	19	79 ± 5.1	19	79.0 ± 8.6	0.3 (−3.3, 4.0)
HDL-C (mg/dL)
EXE	13	46.5 ± 12.2	12	49.0 ± 19.0	3.8 (−1.9, 9.6)	6.1 (− 1.6, 13.8)	0.11
NoEXE	19	61.3 ± 16.3	19	61.5 ± 18.4	− 0.3 (−4.8, 4.1)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
EXE	13	152.9 ± 65.4	12	148.7 ± 42.4	−3.7 (−31.9, 24.4)	−6.7 (− 46.7, 33.2)	0.73
NoEXE	19	131.63 ± 63.7	19	130.2 ± 79.5	−3.6 (−25.8, 18.6)
Glucose (mg/dL)
EXE	13	106.1 ± 33.0	13	103.7 ± 18.1	−4.0 (−9.8, 1.8)	− 4.7 (− 13.2, 3.8)	0.27
NoEXE	19	104.5 ± 20.3	19	104.7 ± 20.4	−0.4 (−5.2, 4.4)
Insulin (mU/L)
EXE	13	7.9 ± 7.6	12	5.5 ± 2.7	−1.3 (−5.6, 2.9)	−2.0 (−8.1, 4.0)	0.50
NoEXE	19	4.9 ± 4.7	19	6.6 ± 9.2	0.9 (−2.4, 4.3)
HOMA-IR
EXE	13	2.6 ± 4.2	12	1.4 ± 0.7	−0.6 (− 1.9, 0.6)	−0.7 (−2.5, 1.0)	0.39
NoEXE	19	1.3 ± 1.5	19	1.8 ± 2.6	−0.01(−1.0, 1.0)

Data presented as mean ± standard deviation. P, significance level; EXE, exercise groups (TRAINPRO and TRAIN); NoEXE, non-exercise groups (PRO and STRETCH); HDL-C; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance
^aEXE relative to NoEXE adjusted for baseline values
^bEXE relative to NoEXE adjusted for baseline values, protein supplementation, body mass index and number of comorbidities

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