Impact of resistance training on body composition and metabolic syndrome variables during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Table 4 Within- and between-group changes in body composition outcomes over 12 weeks

Outcome	Baseline		Week 12		Within-group mean change over 12 weeks^a	Between-group mean change over 12 weeks^b
Outcome	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD	Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)	P
Lean Mass (kg)
EXE	16	48.5 ± 5.4	13	53.2 ± 7.3	1.1 (0.4, 1.8)	1.1 (0.02, 2.2)	0.05
NoEXE	19	51.5 ± 7.6	19	48.6 ± 5.8	0.1 (−0.5, 0.7)
Appendicular skeletal mass (kg)
EXE	16	23.5 ± 4.7	13	24.8 ± 4.6	0.8 (0.4, 1.2)	0.7 (0.1, 1.3)	0.03
NoEXE	19	21.5 ± 2.6	19	21.6 ± 2.9	0.1 (−0.3, 0.4)
Sarcopenic index (kg/m²)
EXE	16	8.1 ± 1.5	13	8.5 ± 1.6	0.3 (0.2, 0.4)	0.3 (0.1, 0.5)	0.02
NoEXE	19	7.3 ± 0.8	19	7.3 ± 0.9	0.01 (−0.1, 0.1)
Fat Free Mass (kg)
EXE	16	54.6 ± 7.9	13	56.4 ± 7.5	1.0 (0.4, 1.8)	1.1 (0.1, 2.2)	0.04
NoEXE	19	51.4 ± 5.7	19	51.5 ± 6.0	0.1 (−0.5, 0.7)
Body Fat (%)
EXE	16	36.8 ± 5.1	13	35.9 ± 5.6	−0.9 (−1.8, − 0.01)	− 1.7 (−2.9, − 0.6)	0.01
NoEXE	19	33.9 ± 5.9	19	34.5 ± 5.3	0.5 (−0.2, 1.2)
Fat Mass (kg)
EXE	16	30.3 ± 10.5	13	31.2 ± 11.6	−0.3 (−1.2, 0.6)	−0.7 (−2.0, 0.6)	0.26
NoEXE	19	25.6 ± 8.3	19	26.2 ± 8.0	0.6 (−1.5, 1.3)
Total Mass (kg)
EXE	16	85.0 ± 17.8	13	87.5 ± 18.8	0.8 (−0.5, 2.0)	0.3 (−1.5, 2.1)	0.75
NoEXE	19	77.0 12.1	19	77.7 ± 12.4	0.7 (−0.3, 1.7)

Data presented as mean ± standard deviation. P, significance level; EXE, exercise groups (TRAINPRO and TRAIN); NoEXE, non-exercise groups (PRO and STRETCH)
^aEXE relative to NoEXE adjusted for baseline values
^bEXE relative to NoEXE adjusted for baseline values, protein supplementation, body mass index and number of comorbidities

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