Fig. 3
From: Elevated serum RAS p21 is an independent prognostic factor in metastatic breast cancer
Interactions between main components of the RAS effector pathways and agents targeting specific steps of the signalling cascade. Abbreviations: GTP – guanosine triphosphate; GDP – guanosine diphosphate; ERK – extracellular signal–regulated kinases; MEK – mitogen-activated protein kinase; RSK – ribosomal protein S6 kinase; PI3K – phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase; PTEN – phosphatase and tensin homolog; mTOR – mechanistic target of rapamycin