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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors affecting survival in stage IV colorectal cancer patients

From: Shorter survival in adolescent and young adult patients, compared to adult patients, with stage IV colorectal cancer in Japan

Variable

Category

n

Median overall survival

(months)

Univariate analysis

p value

Multivariate analysis

Hazard ratio

95% CI

p value

Age

Adolescent and young adult (15–39 y)

66

13.6 (11.2–19.8)

0.042

Reference

 

Adult (40–74 y)

795

22.4 (20.2–24.8)

 

0.88

0.66–1.21

0.423

Treatment Year

1999–2004

276

15.1 (13.6–17.3)

< 0.0001

Reference

 

2005–2013

585

25.7 (23.2–29.0)

 

0.64

0.53–0.76

< 0.0001

Gender

Male

489

22.8 (20.2–25.2)

0.747

 

Female

372

19.9 (18.1–23.5)

 

Performance status

PS 0, PS1

758

24.3 (22.1–26.5)

< 0.0001

Reference

 

PS2, PS3, PS4

49

16.4 (6.0–7.6)

 

3.81

2.70–5.25

< 0.0001

Symptoms

Asymptomatic

216

26.4 (22.5–32.0)

0.039

1

 

Symptomatic

644

20.1 (18.2–22.2)

 

1.13

0.94–1.37

0.185

Tumor location

Proximal colon

248

16.4 (13.5–18.0)

< 0.0001

Reference

 

Distal colon

385

24.2 (21.5–26.9)

 

0.67

0.55–0.81

< 0.0001

Rectum

228

26.4 (21.3–32.0)

0.75

0.60–0.93

0.010

M category

M1a

438

32.0 (26.9–35.7)

< 0.0001

Reference

 

M1b

210

17.4 (15.2–19.6)

 

1.31

1.05–1.62

0.015

M1c

213

16.2 (13.7–18.5)

1.46

1.18–1.79

0.001

Liver metastasis

None or not severe

298

35.0 (29.1–42.7)

< 0.0001

Reference

 

Widespread (H3)

360

15.3 (13.9–16.8)

 

1.67

1.37–2.04

< 0.0001

Tumor differentiation

Differentiated

749

23.9 (21.5–26.0)

< 0.0001

Reference

 

Poorly differentiated

82

12.4 (7.8–13.9)

 

1.84

1.38–2.39

< 0.0001

Mucinous

21

15.6 (8.0–25.1)

1.52

0.83–2.56

0.167

Others

9

–

–

–

–

Preoperative CEA levels

< 30 ng/ml

434

27.6 (23.4–32.1)

< 0.0001

Reference

  

≥30 ng/ml

424

17.5 (15.9–19.1)

 

1.08

0.90–1.29

0.420

Primary tumor resection

Yes

Curative resection

223

68.0 (57.1–110.6)

< 0.0001

Reference

  

Metastasectomy(−)

319

20.1 (18.4–23.4)

 

2.52

1.95–3.28

< 0.0001

No

319

13.1 (11.8–15.0)

 

4.15

3.14–5.52

< 0.0001

  1. Data are presented as median (95%CI) or hazard ratios (95%CIs)
  2. CI: confidence interval, CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen
  3. H3: diffuse liver metastases (≥ 5 lesions) with the maximum diameter of hepatic metastases > 5 cm, as defined according to the Japanese classification of colorectal carcinoma, the Japan Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum
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