Table 1 Characteristics of included studies: androgenic alopecia and cancer risk
Study | Study location | Type of cancer | Case (number) | All subjects (number) | Follow-up time | Baldness Assessment | Case confirm | Baldness categories | Cohort |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cohort studies | |||||||||
 Zhou-3 2016 | USA | PC | 107 | 4316 | 21 | trained observers | medical records | No pattern | no history of PC at baseline and other cause for blading and other cause for blading no history of PC at baseline and other cause for blading |
 Sarre 2016 | Finland | PC | 757 | 11,795 | 6.6 | self-reported | database | 9–11 | no history of PC |
 Zhou-1 2015 | USA | PC | 2306 | 32,583 | 9.0 | self-reported | medical records | 1–2, 4 | no history of any cancer |
 Zhou-2 2015 | USA | PC | 1138 | 39,070 | 2.8 | self-reported | medical records | 1–2, 6–8 | no history or treatment of PC/CRC/LC |
 Muller 2012 | Australia | PC | 476 | 9448 | 11.4 | self-reported | database | 1–2, 4 | Men> 45 years and no history of PC at baseline |
 Hawk 2000 | USA | PC | 214 | 4207 | 18.2 | trained observers | medical records | No pattern | no history of PC and other cause for blading |
Case-control studies | Â | Â | Â | Control (number) | Exposure period | Â | Â | Â | Control |
 Zeigler-Johnson 2013 | USA | PC | 219 | 318 | 1998–2010 | self-reported | medical records | 1–2, 4 | Cancer-free |
 Thomas 2013 | USA | PC | 167 | 312 | 2007–2011 | self-reported | histopathology | 1–2, 4 | PC -free |
 Yassa 2011 | France | PC | 388 | 281 | 2004–2006 | self-reported | databases | 1–3, 5 | PC -free |
 Wright 2010 | USA | PC | 999 | 942 | 2002–2005 | self-reported | databases | 1–2, 4 | PC -free |
 Cremers 2010 | Netherlands | PC | 938 | 2160 | 2003–2006 | self-reported | medical records | 1–3, 5 | PC -free |
 Faydaci 2008 | Turkey | PC | 44 | 108 | 2005–2006 | NR | histopathology | 1–2, 4 | BPH |
 Giles 2002 | Australia | PC | 1446 | 1390 | 1994–1997 | trained observers | histopathology | 1–3 5 | PC -free |
 Demark-Wahnefried-1 2000 | USA | PC | 134 | 145 | 1993–1995 | self-report | medical records | 1–2, 4 | Healthy or BPH or benign genitourinary disease |
 Hsieh 1999 | USA | PC | 320 | 246 | 1994–1997 | self-report | histopathology | 1–2, 4 | Cancer free or BPH free with ENT disease |
 Demark-Wahnefried-2 1997 | USA | PC | 129 | 139 | 1993–1995 | Trained observers | NR | 1–2, 4 | BPH |
 Moirano 2016 | Italy | TGCTs | 253 | 455 | 1997–2008 | self-reported | histopathology | No pattern | No hormonal or infertility related neoplasm |
 Trabert 2011 | USA | TGCTs | 187 | 148 | 1990–1994 | self-reported | databases | 12 | NR |
 Farzana 2002 | USA | TGCTs | 159 | 136 | 1990–1996 | self-report | databases | No pattern | TGCTs-free |
 Petridou 1997 | Greece | TGCTs | 97 | 198 | 1993–1994 | Trained observers | histopathology | 12 | healthy men |