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Table 5 Characteristics of included studies- pancreatic cancer

From: Associations between aspirin use and the risk of cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Study source

Sex

Study period

Source of subjects

No of case

No of control/cohort size

Cancer site

Exposure assessment

Exposure Definition

Adjustment for covariates

Study quality

Case-control studies

 Risch HA [110], 2017, China

M/F

2006–2011

Our Shanghai study

761

794

Pancreatic cancer

In-person questionnaire interviews

Use at least one tablet per week for 3 months or longer(regular)

1,2,3,5,7,10,50,51

7

 Kho PF [111], 2016, Australia

M/F

2007–2011

The QPCS

522

652

Pancreatic cancer

Questionnaire

Long-term use of aspirin ((> 2 years)

1,2,3,6,10

8

 Streicher SA [112], 2014, US

M/F

2005–2009

Population from Connecticut

360

682

Pancreatic cancer

Questionnaire

Use at least once a week on average, for 3 months or more

1,2,3,5,7,10,11,52

8

 Tan XL [113], 2011, US

M/F

2004–2010

Patients from the Mayo Clinic

740

1043

Pancreatic cancer

Questionnaire

Use aspirin ≥1 day per month

1,2,3,7,10

6

 Pugh TFG [114], 2011, UK

M/F

2004–2007

Clinical management databases in Norfolk and Leicestershire

206

251

Pancreatic cancer

Medical records

Use of aspirin - not further defined

1,2,3,7

6

 Bonifazi M [115], 2010, Italy

M/F

1991–2008

Patients in in the province of Pordenone and in the greater Milan area, northern Italy

308

477

Pancreatic cancer

Questionnaire

Use at least once a week for more than 6 months(regular)

1,2,3,5,7,10,53,54

8

 Menezes RJ [116], 2002, US

M/F

1982–1998

The RPCI

194

585

Pancreatic cancer

Patient Epidemiology Data System (PEDS) and questionnaire

Use at least once a week for six consecutive months(regular)

1,3,4

5

Cohort studies

 Cao Y [8], 2016, US

M/F

1980–2010

1986–2012

NHS and HPFS

607

135,965

Pancreatic cancer

Questionnaire

Use at least 2 times per week(regular)

3,4,6,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24

9

 Brasky TM [92], 2014, US

F

1998–2010

WHI

397

142,330

Pancreatic cancer

Self-administered questionnaires

Use at both baseline and year 3 visits (consistent)

1,3,4,5, 6,10,11,17,18,19,25,26,28,29,30,31,32,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48

9

 Bradley MC [117], 2010, UKa

M/F

1995–2006

GPRD

564

3984

Pancreatic cancer

Prescription Database

Use 300 mg or more a day (high-dose)

3,6,7,10, 25,27,47,55,

8

 Jacobs EJ [98], 2007, US

M/F

1992–2003

Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort

404

146,113

Pancreatic cancer

Questionnaire

Use at least 30 “times” per month(daily use of adult-strength)

1,2,3,5,7,10,11, 15,16,17,18,20,25, 45, 49

8

 Friis S [62], 2003, Denmarka

M/F

1989–1997

Population from North Jutland County

62

29,470

Pancreatic cancer

Prescription Database

75–150 mg once daily(low-dose aspirin)

1,2

8

 Anderson KE [118], 2002, US

F

1992–1999

IWHS

80

28,283

Pancreatic cancer

Questionnaire

Never use any type of medication (never use)

1,3,7,19

7

 Schreinemachers DM [63], 1994, US

M/F

1971–1987

The National Health and Examination Survey Ι

30

12,668

Pancreatic cancer

Self reported

Use aspirin during the 30-day period before the interview

1,2

6

  1. 1 = age, 2 = sex, 3 = smoking, 4 = family history, 5 = educational level, 6 = alcohol intake, 7 = diabetes, 8 = Fat distribution, 9 = social status, 10 = BMI, 11 = race, 12 = folate, 13 = height, 14 = Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, 15 = PSA test in past 2 y, 16 = mammogram in past 2 y, 17 = hormone replacement therapy, 18 = physical activity, 19 = fruit, vegetable and/or vitamin intake, 20 = history of colonoscopy, 21 = total energy intake, 22 = ever use of calcium supplements in the past 5 years, 23 = former health checkup, 24 = red meat, 25 = other NSAIDs, 26 = area (county/region), 27 = prior cancer, 28 = migraine, 29 = ever use of calcium supplements in the past 5 years, 30 = red meat, 31 = Nitro-vasodilator use, 32 = height, 33 = unique number of hospitalizations in the year prior to start of follow up, 34 = observational study enrollment, 35 = diet modification trial enrollment, 36 = screening for cancer, 37 = age at menarche, 38 = age at menopause, 39 = gravidity, 40 = age atfirst birth, 41 = duration of estrogen therapy, 42 = duration of combined postmenopausal hormone therapy, 43 = hysterectomy status, 44 = use of antihypertensive medication, 45 = history of coronary heart disease, 46 = use of cholesterol-lowering medication, 47 = history of arthritis, 48 = history of ulcer, 49 = hypertension, 50 = H. pylori CagA seropositivity, 51 = ABO blood group A vs. non-A, 52 = ABO blood group O vs. non-O, 53 = center, 54 = year of interview, 55 = history of chronic pancreatitis
  2. GPRD General Practitioners Research Database, HPFS Health Professionals follow-up study, IWHS Iowa Women’s Health Study, NHS nurses’ health study, QPCS the Queensland Pancreatic Cancer Study, RPCI the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, WHI women’s health initiative
  3. aStudy deemed to be prone to immortal time bias