Fig. 5

Lower CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and Foxp3⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratios in gallbladder cancer tissues correlates with improved patient survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for patients by (a-c) CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratio or (d) Foxp3⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratio in primary tumors for (a, d) All stages; (b) Early stages (0 and I); and (c) Advanced stages (II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV). A ≤ 1 CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratio was significantly associated with prolonged survival in advanced stage patients (log-rank p = 0.01). A ≤ 1 Foxp3⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratio was significantly associated with prolonged survival in all stages patients (log-rank p = 0.002). The survival proportions of patients after GBC diagnosis in a 5-year term are shown to the right of the curves