Table 1 Relationships between midkine expression and clinicopathological factors
Midkine | Negative expression | Positive expression | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
  < 60 | 15 (53.6%) | 13 (46.4%) | 0.516 |
  ≥ 60 | 15 (62.5%) | 9 (37.5%) | |
Gender | |||
 Male | 22 (59.5%) | 15 (40.5%) | 0.924 |
 Female | 8 (53.3%) | 7 (46.7%) | |
Hepatitis B | |||
 Negative | 11 (64.7%) | 6 (35.3%) | 0.679 |
 Positive | 19 (54.3%) | 16 (45.7%) | |
Hepatitis C | |||
 Negative | 20 (55.6%) | 16 (44.4%) | 0.870 |
 Positive | 10 (62.5%) | 6 (37.5%) | |
Liver cirrhosis | |||
 No cirrhosis | 9 (64.3%) | 5 (35.7%) | 0.753 |
 Cirrhosis | 21 (55.3%) | 17 (44.7%) | |
DM | |||
 Negative | 21 (55.3%) | 17 (44.7%) | 0.753 |
 Positive | 9 (64.3%) | 5 (35.7%) | |
Gall stone | |||
 Negative | 29 (61.7%) | 18 (38.3%) | 0.149 |
 Positive | 1 (20.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | |
CEA | |||
  ≤ 5 | 27 (60.0%) | 18 (40.0%) | 0.438 |
  > 5 | 3 (42.9%) | 4 (57.1%) | |
CA-199 | |||
  ≤ 35 | 20 (55.6%) | 16 (44.4%) | 0.870 |
  > 35 | 10 (62.5%) | 6 (37.5%) | |
AFP | |||
  ≤ 15 | 12 (52.2%) | 11 (47.8%) | 0.473 |
  > 15 | 18 (62.1%) | 11 (37.9%) | |
Histology grade | |||
 Well and moderately | 21 (55.3%) | 17 (44.7%) | 0.753 |
 Poorly | 9 (64.3%) | 5 (35.7%) | |
LVI | |||
 Negative | 21 (63.3%) | 12 (36.4%) | 0.253 |
 Positive | 9 (47.4%) | 10 (52.6%) | |
PNI | |||
 Negative | 25 (54.3%) | 21 (45.7%) | 0.226 |
 Positive | 5 (83.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | |
Surgical margin | |||
 <  10 mm | 19 (54.3%) | 16 (45.7%) | 0.679 |
  ≥ 10 mm | 11 (64.7%) | 6 (35.3%) | |
T stage | |||
 T1-T2 | 28 (66.7%) | 14 (33.3%) | 0.007* |
 T3-T4 | 2 (20.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | |
N stage | |||
 Negative | 28 (57.1%) | 21 (42.9%) | 1.000 |
 Positive | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | |
AJCC staging | |||
 I-II | 26 (65.0%) | 14 (35.0%) | 0.094 |
 III-IV | 4 (33.3%) | 8 (66.7%) | |