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Table 2 Incidence of “gsp” in “receptive organs”

From: The curious case of Gαs gain-of-function in neoplasia

Site

Histology (Dysplasia/Neoplasia)

Incidence % (n)

Refs

Thyroid

Toxic thyroid adenoma

23% (65)

[102,103,104]

Non functional adenoma

0% (31)

[102, 104]

Carcinoma

0% (18)

[104, 105]

Pituitary

GH-secreting adenoma

41% (504)

[106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126]

Prolactin-secreting adenoma

0% (7)

[107]

Non functioning

3% (32)

[107]

Muscle

Intramuscolar myxoma

45% (101)

[39, 127, 128]

Various myxoid lesions

0% (105)

[39, 127,128,129,130]

Bone

Fibrous dysplasia (FD)

81% (414)

[127, 131,132,133,134]

Low grade periosteal osteosarcoma

0% (11)

[135]

Low grade central osteosarcoma

3% (35)

[135,136,137]

Low grade parosteal osteosarcoma

0% (80)

[135, 137]

Osteofibrous dysplasia

0% (13)

[132, 134, 138]

Ossifying fibroma

0% (66)

[131, 132]

Blood

Hematological conditions

0.6% (512)

[139,140,141]

Kidney

Renal cell carcinoma

17% (30)

[142]

Lung

Mucinous cystoadenoma

0.5% (208)

[24, 68, 143]

Pancreas

Intraduct. Papill. Mucin. Neop.(IPMN)

58% (809)

[17, 19,20,21, 30, 68, 144,145,146,147,148]

Incipient IPMN

33% (21)

[149]

Intraduct. Tubulopapill. Neop. (ITPN)

60% (15)

[146]

Intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN)

2% (246)

[20, 150]

Serous cystoadenoma (SCN)

0% (54)

[20, 144]

Mucin. Cyst.Neop. (MCN)

0% (31)

[20, 144]

Neuroendocrine tumor

0% (52)

[20]

Ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)

0.4% (253)

[20, 30, 144, 145, 150]

Biliary tract

IPMN of the bile duct

23% (120)

[42, 151,152,153]

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia

1% (82)

[153, 154]

Stomach

Pyloric gland adenoma

48% (23)

[41]

Gastric adenocarc. of the fundic gland

24% (29)

[64, 74]

Hyperplastic gastric polyps

0% (10)

[127]

Foveolar type adenoma

0% (23)

[41]

Intestinal type adenoma

0% (34)

[41]

Gastric adenocarcinoma

0% (71)

[41]

Duodenum

Pyloric gland adenoma

92% (35)

[41]

Gastric foveolar metaplasia

41% (66)

[66]

Gastric heterotopia

28% (81)

[66]

Adenocarcinoma

17% (30)

[66]

Gastroent. neuroen. tum. (GEP-NET)

0% (31)

[155]

Colon-rectum

Villous adenoma

67% (55)

[155,156,157,158]

Tubular villous adenoma

4% (154)

[155,156,157]

Tubular adenoma

0% (28)

[155, 157]

Polyps

0% (45)

[156]

Adenocarcinoma

3% (820)

[68, 155,156,157,158,159]

Liver

Normal liver Intrahepat.cholangioc

12%(43)

[160]

Advanc. Intrahepatic cholangiocarc

3% (38)

[160]

Hepatocell. Adenoma

4% (179)

[22, 161]

Hepatocell. Carcinoma

0.8% (245)

[22]

Fluke-ass. cholangiocarcinoma

9.3% (53)

[23]

Appendix

Low grade app. muc. neop. (LAMN)

43% (84)

[31, 40, 68, 162, 163]

Adenocarcinoma

46% (106)

[31, 40, 68, 69, 162,163,164]

Gonads

Leydig cell stromal tumor

67% (6)

[165]

Lobular Endocer. Glandular Hyperpl.

28% (32)

[166]

Juvenile Ovarian granul. cell tumor

30% (30)

[167]

Mucinous cystoadenoma

9% (45)

[68, 168]

Mucinous border line tumor

4% (53)

[68, 168]

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

2% (45)

[68, 168]

Ovarian granulosa cell tumor

0% (25)

[169, 170]

Other sex cord stromal tumors

0% (6)

[170]

Adenocarcinoma

4% (92)

[166]

Squamous cell carcinoma

0% (43)

[166]

Adrenocortical

Cortisol producing adenoma

20% (25)

[28, 90, 171]

Adrenocrotical Carcinoma

3% (40)

[80]

  1. An extensive list of neoplasias, flanked by gsp prevalence. Numbers in bold correspond to tumors presenting a rate over 10%. In each responsive tissue/organ, incidences in the double digits often pinpoint a single diagnosis that stands out among other virtually gsp negative tumor types. The large majority of other neoplasms are negative, for instance ref [50] analyzed 1126 cases falling within 15 diagnosis and found all negatives