Fig. 2

Basal expression of autophagy-related genes in U-138 MG and U-118 MG cell lines. a Heat maps of differentially expressed autophagy-related genes in U-138 MG and U-118 MG cell lines with high basal PKCε expression levels. Each row represents a relative gene expression normalized to Beta-2-microglobulin gene (B2M) expression. Red color indicates genes with high relative expression, and blue color indicates genes with low relative expression. Results show mean values from three independent experiments performed in duplicates. b Classification of autophagy genes according to the relative expression level in U-138 MG and U-118 MG cell lines. Group I contains genes with the highest expression, Group II with the lowest, and Group III with moderate expression levels