High-dose thiotepa-related neurotoxicity and the role of tramadol in children

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors contributing to NAE

	n	NAE (%)	univariate P^a	univariate OR (95% CI)	multivariate P^b	multivariate OR (95% CI)
Gender
Boys	145	24 (17%)
Girls	106	22 (21%)	0.41	1.3 (0.7–2.5)
Age
No NAE	205	9.3 (6.3)^f
Yes NAE	46	8.6 (5.2)^f	0.48^c
Race
Caucasian	186	31 (17%)
African	40	9 (23%)	0.51^e
Others	25	6 (24%)
Brain tumour
No	135	18 (13%)		1		1
Yes	116	28 (24%)	0.03	2.1 (1.1–4.0)	0.04	2.2 (1.0–4.6)
Neurological disorder at baseline
No	230	38 (17%)		1		1
Yes	20	8 (40%)	0.02	3.4 (1.3–8.8)	0.08	2.7 (0.9–8.4)
History of seizure
No	238	42 (18%)		1
Yes	13	4 (31%)	0.27	2.1 (0.6–7.1)
Thiotepa regimen
600 mg/m²	129	18 (14%)
720 mg/m²	76	17 (22%)	0.18^e
900 mg/m²	46	11 (24%)
Alizapride^d
No	126	19 (15%)		1		1
Yes	94	25 (27%)	0.04	2.0 (1.0–4.0)	0.13	1.7 (0.8–3.6)
Aprepitant^d
No	213	41 (19%)		1
Yes	7	3 (43%)	0.14	3.1 (0.7–14.6)
Antipsychotic^d
No	180	34 (19%)		1
Yes	40	10 (25%)	0.39	1.4 (0.6–3.2)
Proton Pump Inhibitor^d
No	213	43 (20%)		1
Yes	7	1 (14%)	1	0.7 (0.1–5.6)
Histamine H2-receptor antagonist^d
No	215	42 (20%)		1
Yes	5	2 (40%)	0.26	2.7 (0.4–17)
Simple analgesics^d
i.e. acetaminophen, nefopam
No	144	20 (13%)		1
Yes	76	14 (18%)	0.40	1.4 (0.7–3.0)
Weak opioids^d
i.e. tramadol, codeine, dextropropoxyphen
No	167	20 (12%)		1		1
Yes	53	24 (45%)	0.0001	6.1 (3.0–12.4)	0.0001	6.3 (3.0–13.4)
Strong opioids^d
i.e. morphine, pethidine
No	211	44 (21%)		1
Yes	9	4 (44%)	0.09	3.0 (0.8–11.8)

^aFisher exact
^bTaking into account 4 factors: brain tumour (yes/no); neurological disorder at baseline (yes/no); alizapride intake (yes/no); weak opioids (yes/no)
^cStudent t test
^dData missing for 31 patients
^eChi-square test (2 df)
^fMean (SD)