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Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis

From: HtrA1 as a promising tissue marker in cancer: a meta-analysis

TUMOR SITE

PATIENT POPULATION

 

HtrA1

RESULTS

 

Cancer and Normal-looking

Healthy controls

Setting

Laboratory

Normalization

 
   

Tumor Marker

Prognostic Marker

Protein

mRNA

Housekeeping

Healthy tissues

 

Colo-rectum

[13]

N = 37

M = 22 F = 15

mean age ± sd

65.5 ± 9.4

N = 36

M = 13 F = 23

mean age ± sd 53.3 ± 10.0

✓

 

✓

  

✓

Differences between cancer and healthy control tissue p = 0.0001

Difference between cancer and normal-looking tissue p = 0.001

Liver

[12]

N = 60

M = 25 F = 35,

mean age 51.5

–

✓

–

–

✓

✓

GADPH

 

Difference between cancer and normal-looking tissue p < 0.0001

Stomach

[34]

N = 42

M = 22

mean age ± sd 53.4 ± 9.9

F = 20

mean age ± sd 50.3 ± 14.1

–

✓

–

–

✓

✓

B-ACTIN

 

Normal gastric tissue, positive staining 83.3%

Tumor tissue, negative staining 95.0%

Bladder

[17]

N = 68,

M = 50 F = 18

mean age ± sd

68.2 ± 7.0

–

✓

–

✓

✓

✓

B-ACTIN

✓

Difference between cancer and normal-looking tissue p < 0.0001 for protein. Difference for mRNA not significant p = 0.422

Breast

[11]

N = 131 all females

–

–

✓

 

✓

✓

GADPH

 

Better survival in high expression OS HR 0.45 (0.23–0.90) p = 0.023

Esophagus

[Yu] [35]

N = 63

M = 50 F = 10

mean age 73.4 range 45–79

–

✓

–

✓

✓

✓

GADPH B-ACTIN

✓

Difference between cancer and normal-looking tissue p < 0.05 as protein, p = 0.004 as mRNA

Esophagus

[Xia] [36]

N = 115

Age < 60 N = 52

Age > 60 N = 63

–

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

B-ACTIN

 

Difference between cancer and normal-looking tissue p < 0.05 both protein and mRNA

Better survival in high expression OS: HR 0.75 (95 CI 0.38–1.4) p = 0.433a

Liver

[37]

N = 50

M = 42

mean age ± sd 52.4 ± 9.9

F = 8

mean age ± sd 50.3 ± 14.1

–

✓

✓

✓

–

–

✓

Difference between cancer and normal-looking tissue p = 0.45

Better survival in high expression: OS: HR 0.59 (95 CI 0.14–2.37) p = 0.486a

Stomach

[38]

N = 80 M = 51, F = 29

mean age, 64 range, 32–82

–

 

✓

✓

  

✓

OS: HR 0.55 (95% CI 0.32–0.96) p = 0.037

Thyroid

[9]

N = 20 age not reported

 

✓

✓

✓

  

✓

GADPH

Not statistically significant

Endometrium [Mullany] [10]

N = 184

mean age ± sd 66.1 ± 11.3

–

 

✓

✓

 

✓

B-ACTIN

 

OS HR: 0.29 (95% CI 0.023–3.75) p = 0.037

Endometrium [Narkiewicz]

[39]

N = 36 all females, age not reported

N = 88 all females, age not reported

✓

 

✓

✓

✓

B-ACTIN

 

Difference between cancer and healthy control tissue p < 0.0001

Endometrium [Bowden]

[40]

N = 15 all females, age not reported

N = 4 all females, age not reported

✓

  

✓

✓

GADPH

 

HtrA1 mRNA significantly lower in tumor than in normal endometrium (p < 0.0001)

Pleura

[15]

N = 70

F = 29, M = 41

median age, 65 range, 45–81

–

 

✓

✓

  

✓

HtrA1 (+): HR 1 (reference category) HtrA1 (++): HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.348–0.876) HtrA1 (+++): HR 0.26 (95% CI 0.122–0.454) p < 0.00

Ovary

[41]

N = 44 all females, age not reported

N = 19 all females, age not reported

✓

 

✓

✓

✓

B-ACTIN

 

HtrA1 mRNA significantly decreased in tumor compared with normal ovarian tissue (p < 0.0001) but not for HtrA1 protein (p = 0.452)

  1. M Males, F Females, (y) years, sd standard deviation, OS overall survival
  2. aThe hazard ratio (HR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were used as a measure of effect size. When the HR and 95% CI were not reported in the publications, they were estimated from the Kaplan-Meier curves according to Parmar et al. [28], Tierney et al. [29], and Williamson et al. [30]