Fig. 6

Retinoic acid reduces cell proliferation and alters cell morphology in tumours. a. FFPE sections stained with Ki-67. Tumours were treated with 100 μM ATRA at E11, E12 and E13 and compared to the control which was treated with the equivalent volume of DMSO, b. FFPE sections stained with Ki-67. Treatments were 10 μM ATRA (10 μM at E11, E12 and E13), 40 μM ATRA (40 μM at E11 and E13) and 100 μM ATRA (100 μM at E11, E12 and E13). Note the decreasing number and staining intensity of the cell nuclei as the concentration of ATRA is increased. c. Table showing the quantification of the proliferative cells in BE(2)C tumours after different ATRA treatments. Results suggested that both 40 μM of ATRA (2 injections) and 100 μM (3 injections) reduces the number of proliferative cells significantly (*p < 0.05) compared to the control. d confocal image of tumour treated with 40 μM (×2) ATRA or DMSO. Tumours were formed from BE(2)C cells of which 10% expressed GFP. Morphological changes were observed in some of the ATRA treated tumour cells