Table 2 Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between selected risk factors and risk of colorectal cancer

Smoking

1.16 (1.09–1.24)

1.16 (1.09–1.24)

Meta-analysis

Alcohol drinking

1.24 (1.01–1.54)

1.24 (1.01–1.54)

Cohort study

Overweight

1.25 (1.07–1.45)

1.25 (1.07–1.45)

Cohort study

Obesity

1.57 (1.23–2.00)

1.57 (1.23–2.00)

Physical inactivity

1.32 (1.23–1.41)

1.27 (1.17–1.41)

Meta-analysis

Vegetable intake^a: Urban

Quintile 5

1.00

1.00

Quintile 4

1.12 (1.04–1.19)

1.10 (1.03–1.16)

Quintile 3

1.20 (1.06–1.34)

1.18 (1.05–1.30)

Quintile 2

1.30 (1.09–1.51)

1.27 (1.08–1.46)

Quintile 1

1.52 (1.14–1.95)

1.46 (1.13–1.83)

Vegetable intake^a: rural

Meta-analysis

Quintile 5

1.00

1.00

Quintile 4

1.12 (1.04–1.19)

1.10 (1.03–1.16)

Quintile 3

1.21 (1.06–1.35)

1.19 (1.06–1.31)

Quintile 2

1.30 (1.09–1.52)

1.27 (1.08–1.46)

Quintile 1

1.50 (1.14–1.92)

1.46 (1.13–1.83)

Fruit intake^a: urban

Meta-analysis

Quintile 5

1.00

1.00

Quintile 4

1.04 (1.01–1.07)

1.05 (1.02–1.09)

Quintile 3

1.06 (1.02–1.11)

1.07 (1.02–1.13)

Quintile 2

1.09 (1.03–1.15)

1.10 (1.03–1.17)

Quintile 1

1.12 (1.04–1.21)

1.13 (1.04–1.23)

Fruit intake^a: rural

Meta-analysis

Quintile 5

1.00

1.00

Quintile 4

1.06 (1.02–1.10)

1.09 (1.03–1.15)

Quintile 3

1.07 (1.02–1.12)

1.11 (1.03–1.19)

Quintile 2

1.09 (1.03–1.16)

1.13 (1.04–1.23)

Quintile 1

1.12 (1.04–1.20)

1.16 (1.05–1.28)

Red and processed meat^a: urban

Meta-analysis

Quintile 1

1.00

1.00

Quintile 2

1.07 (1.02–1.11)

1.04 (1.01–1.07)

Quintile 3

1.12 (1.03–1.20)

1.09 (1.03–1.15)

Quintile 4

1.17 (1.05–1.29)

1.14 (1.04–1.24)

Quintile 5

1.27 (1.07–1.48)

1.22 (1.06–1.38)

Red and processed meat^a: rural

Meta-analysis

Quintile 1

1.00

1.00

Quintile 2

1.04 (1.01–1.07)

1.04 (1.01–1.07)

Quintile 3

1.08 (1.02–1.14)

1.07 (1.02–1.11)

Quintile 4

1.12 (1.03–1.21)

1.12 (1.03–1.20)

Quintile 5

1.20 (1.06–1.34)

1.17 (1.05–1.29)