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Table 2 Circulating cell-free miRNA biomarkers for prostate cancer

From: Detection of circulating miRNAs: comparative analysis of extracellular vesicle-incorporated miRNAs and cell-free miRNAs in whole plasma of prostate cancer patients

miRNA

Expression in PC tissues

Level in blood

Direction

Ref.

Sample type

Patient groups and sample size

Direction

Normalisation

Ref.

Let-7a-5p

Down in PC vs adj. Normal tissues

[45]

Serum

PC (n = 75), BPH (n = 27)

Down in PC

RNA input and miR-16, miR-425

[52]

Down in PC vs BPH

[44]

Serum

High grade PC (n = 50), low grade PC (n = 50), BPH (n = 50)

Down in high grade PC vs low grade PC, BPH

RNA input and spike-ins

[12]

  

Serum

Disseminated PC (n = 20), BPH (n = 13)

Up in disseminated PC

Spike-in and miR-320a

[37]

miR-21-5p

Up in PC vs adj. Normal (n = 10)

[55]

Plasma

mCRPC (n = 25, pooled), LPC (n = 25, pooled)

Up in mCRPC

miR-30e

[40]

Similar in PC and adj. Normal tissues (n = 36)

[56]

Serum

ADPC (n = 20), HRPC (n = 10), LPC (n = 20), BPH (n = 6)

Up in HRPC vs ADPC, LPC

U6 snRNA

[42]

Up in PC vs normal tissues

[57]

Plasma

PC (n = 51), HC (n = 20)

Up in PC

RNU1A snRNA

[43]

miR-30c-5p

Up in PC vs adj. Normal epithelium (n = 37)

[58]

Serum

High grade PC (n = 50), low grade PC (n = 50), BPH (n = 50)

Down in high grade PC vs low grade, BPH

RNA input and spike-ins

[12]

Up in PC vs normal tissues

[57]

Plasma

PC (n = 80), BPH (n = 44), HC (n = 54)

Down in PC vs BPH, HC

U6 snRNA

[11]

Serum

PC (n = 36), HC (n = 12)

Down in PC

RNA input

[51]

miR-106a-5p

Up in PC vs normal tissues

[57]

Serum

High grade PC (n = 50), low grade PC (n = 50), BPH (n = 50)

Down in high grade PC

RNA input and spike-ins

[12]

Serum

PC (n = 36), HC (n = 12)

Up in PC

RNA input

[51]

miR-141-3p

Up in mPC, PC vs normal tissues

[53]

Serum

High grade PC (n = 50), low grade PC (n = 50), BPH (n = 50)

Detectable in <50% of patients

RNA input and spike-ins

[12]

Up in PC vs BPH

[52]

Serum

PC (n = 75), BPH (n = 27)

Up in PC

RNA input and miR-16, miR-425

[52]

Up in BCR after RP vs. no BCR after RP

[59]

Plasma

mCRPC (n = 25, pooled), LPC (n = 25, pooled)

Up in mCRPC

miR-30e

[40]

Serum

mCRPC (n = 26), low-risk LPC (n = 28)

Up in mCRCP

U6 snRNA

[53]

Up in PC (n = 36) vs normal tissue (n = 36)

[54]

Plasma EVs

PC (n = 78), HC (n = 28)

Up in PC

Spike-ins

[38]

Serum EVs

mPC (n = 47), non-recurrent PC (n = 72)

Up in mPC

Serum

71 PC: N1 (n = 48), N0 (n = 23), GS ≥8 (n = 29), GS = 7 (n = 42)

Up in N1 PC vs N0 PC; Up in GS ≥ 8 vs GS = 7

Spike-ins

[54]

Plasma

mPC (n = 25), LPC (n = 26)

Up in mPC vs LPC; Similar in PC and HC

RNU1A snRNA

[43]

Serum

mPC (n = 25), HC (n = 25)

Up in mPC

Spike-ins

[60]

Serum

PC (n = 54), non-malignant (n = 79)

Up in higher GS; Similar in PC and non-malignant

RNU1–4 and SNORD43

[61]

miR-200c-3p

Up in PC vs normal tissue

[62]

Plasma

mCRPC (n = 25, pooled), LPC (n = 25, pooled)

Up in mCRPC

miR-30e

[40]

Serum

mCRPC (n = 25), HC (n = 25)

Up in mCRCP

Spike-ins

[41]

miR-210-3p

Up in PC vs BPH

[44]

Serum

PC (n = 31), BPH (n = 13)

Up in PC

Spike-in and miR-320a

[37]

Serum

mCRPC (n = 21), HC (n = 20)

Up in mCRCP

Spike-ins

[41]

miR-223-3p

Up in PC vs adj. Normal tissues (n = 10)

[63]

Serum

High grade PC (n = 50), low grade PC (n = 50), BPH (n = 50)

Down in high grade PC vs low grade, BPH

RNA input and spike-ins

[12]

Up in PC vs normal tissues

[57]

Serum

PC (n = 36), HC (n = 12)

Down in PC

RNA input

[51]

miR-375

Up in mPC, PC vs normal tissues

[53]

Plasma EVs

CRPC (n = 100)

High miRNA level associated with poor OS

RNA input and miR-30a-5p, miR-30e-5p

[39]

Serum

PC (n = 31), BPH (n = 13)

Up in PC

Spike-in and miR-320a

[37]

Up in PC (n = 36) vs normal tissue (n = 36)

[54]

Plasma

mCRPC (n = 25, pooled), LPC (n = 25, pooled)

Up in mCRPC

miR-30e

[40]

Serum

mCRPC (n = 26), low-risk LPC (n = 28)

Up in mCRCP

U6 snRNA

[53]

Serum EVs

mPC after RP (n = 47), non-recurrent PC after RP (n = 72)

Up in mPC

Spike-ins

[38]

Serum

71 PC: N1 (n = 48), N0 (n = 23), GS ≥8 (n = 29), GS = 7 (n = 42)

Up in N1 PC vs N0 PC; similar in GS ≥ 8 and GS = 7

Spike-ins

[54]

  1. ADPC androgen-dependent prostate cancer, BCR biochemical recurrence, BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia, CRPC castration resistant prostate cancer, EVs extracellular vesicles, HC healthy control, HRPC hormone-refractory prostate cancer, LPC localized prostate cancer, mCRPC metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, mPC metastatic prostate cancer, PC prostate cancer, RP radical prostatectomy