Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the study population
Variable | VIA Positive n (%) | VIA Negative n (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age at screening (Valid 11,554, Missing 2740) | |||
15–24 | 205 (9.6) | 1926 (90.4) | 0.09 |
25–34 | 466 (10.5) | 3954 (89.5) | |
35+ | 568 (11.4) | 4435 (88.6) | |
Marital status (Valid 13,858, Missing 436) | |||
Never been married | 186 (10.6) | 1564 (89.4) | < 0.001 |
Married | 942 (9.7) | 8802 (90.3) | |
separated, widowed, divorced | 358 (15.1) | 2006 (84.9) | |
Educational attainment (Valid 13,843, Missing 451) | |||
No formal education | 146 (12.9) | 985 (87.1) | < 0.001 |
Primary education | 574 (11.3) | 4509 (88.7) | |
Secondary education | 548 (10.8) | 4528 (89.2) | |
Tertiary education | 216 (8.5) | 2337 (91.5) | |
Household income (Valid 8666, Missing 5628) | |||
Less than K100 | 63 (8.7) | 658 (91.3) | < 0.001 |
K100-K499 | 44 (17.1) | 213 (82.9) | |
K500-K999 | 112 (18.4) | 498 (81.6) | |
K1000-K5000 | 179 (13.8) | 1117 (86.2) | |
Above K5000 | 621 (10.7) | 5161 (89.3) | |
Occupation (Valid 12,848, Missing 1446) | |||
House wife | 641 (11.4) | 4963 (88.6) | <0.001 |
Formal employment | 183 (8.7) | 1913 (91.3) | |
Informal employment | 325 (9.3) | 3172 (90.7) | |
Other | 233 (14.1) | 1418 (85.9) | |
Screening center (Valid 14,294, Missing 0) | |||
Choma General Hospital | 40 (6.2) | 608 (93.8) | < 0.001 |
Kasama General Hospital | 74 (4.0) | 1784 (96.0) | |
Kitwe Central Hospital | 243 (18.6) | 1065 (81.4) | |
Livingstone General Hospital | 135 (5.9) | 2136 (94.1) | |
Mansa General Hospital | 312 (24.7) | 951 (75.3) | |
Mosi-oa-tunya Clinic | 61 (10.1) | 543 (89.9) | |
Ndola Central Hospital | 303 (15.5) | 1658 (84.5) | |
Solwezi General Hospital | 178 (6.9) | 2398 (93.1) | |
St. Francis’ Hospital | 177 (9.8) | 1628 (90.2) | |