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Table 1 Odds ratio (OR) for cases and controls according to hair dyes use and regular exercise after multiple imputation

From: Does hair dye use really increase the risk of prostate cancer?

Variables

Cases

N = 296

Controls

N = 296

Crude OR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)a

AOR (95% CI)b

N

(%)

N

(%)

Hair dyes

 No

201

(67.91)

231

(78.04)

1

1

1

 Yes

95

(32.09)

65

(21.96)

1.62 (1.12–2.34)*

1.75 (1.16–2.63)**

1.93 (1.17–3.17)*

Age of first use (yrs)

 Never

207

(69.93)

234

(79.05)

1

1

1

  ≥ 60

27

(9.12)

22

(7.43)

1.39 (0.77–2.51)

1.18 (0.62–2.25)

1.35 (0.64–2.86)

 50 - < 60

30

(10.14)

23

(7.77)

1.47 (0.83–2.62)

2.14 (1.07–4.27)*

2.31 (1.03–5.18)*

  < 50

32

(10.81)

17

(5.74)

2.12 (1.14–3.94)

2.24 (1.17–4.26)*

1.98 (0.91–4.32)

 P for trend

    

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.05

Years of use (years)

 Never

220

(74.32)

236

(79.73)

1

1

1

  ≤ 10

39

(13.18)

38

(12.84)

1.10 (0.68–1.78)

1.23 (0.72–2.11)

1.29 (0.68–2.43)

  > 10

37

(12.50)

22

(7.43)

1.80 (1.03–3.15)*

1.90 (1.04–3.49)*

2.13 (1.03–4.41)*

 P for trend

    

0.05

< 0.05

< 0.05

Frequency of use (times per year)

 Never

221

(74.66)

237

(80.07)

1

1

1

  ≤ 6

40

(13.51)

33

(11.15)

1.30 (0.79–2.13)

1.42 (0.83–2.44)

1.41 (0.75–2.65)

  > 6

35

(11.82)

26

(8.78)

1.44 (0.84–2.48)

1.79 (0.98–3.31)

2.20 (1.05–4.62)*

 P for trend

    

0.12

< 0.05

< 0.05

Year of first use

 No

216

(72.97)

234

(79.05)

1

1

1

 After 1980

4

(1.35)

3

(1.01)

1.10 (0.67–1.78)

1.23 (0.72–2.11)

1.29 (0.67–2.43)

 Before 1980

76

(25.68)

59

(19.93)

1.80 (1.03–3.15)*

1.90 (1.04–3.48)*

2.17 (1.03–4.41)*

 P for trend

    

0.09

< 0.05

< 0.05

  1. Abbreviation: AOR adjusted OR, OR odds ratio, PC prostate cancer
  2. aAdjusting for age, and family history of PC, bAdjusting for age, marital status, blood type, education, family history of PC, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and betel nut chewing
  3. *P-value <0.05 **p-value < 0.01 ***p-value < 0.001