A change in the study evaluation paradigm reveals that larynx preservation compromises survival in T4 laryngeal cancer patients

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis results for all T4 patients (N = 107), 1998–2015

Characteristic	Category	Deceased	Survived	HR (crude)^a,b	95%-CI (crude)^a,b	p-value^b	HR (adjusted)^a,c	95%-CI (adjusted)^a,c	p-value^c
Therapy	TL + a(C)RT	74 (77.9)	12 (100)	1	-	-	1	-	-
	CRT	13 (13.7)	0 (0.0)	3.0	(1.6, 5.6)	0.0004	2.0	(1.04, 3.7)	0.0369
	RT	8 (8.4)	0 (0.0)	4.2	(2.0, 8.9)	0.0002	4.6	(2.1, 9.8)	0.0001
Age^d	(10 year units)			1.3	(1.1, 1.6)	0.0085	1.4	(1.1, 1.7)	0.0014
Recurrences	No	74 (77.9)	12 (100)	1	-	-	1	-	-
	Yes	21 (22.1)	0 (0.0)	8.5	(5.1, 14.7)	<.0001	7.3	(4.1, 12.9)	<.0001
N-stage	N0,N1	56 (58.9)	10 (83.3)	1	-	-	1	-	-
	N2,N3	39 (41.1)	2 (16.7)	2.2	(1.5, 3.4)	0.0002	1.6	(1.0, 2.5)	0.0489
Tumour location	glottic	18 (18.9)	0 (0.0)	1	-	-
	supraglottic	34 (35.8)	4 (33.3)	0.75	(0.42, 1.3)	0.3282
	subglottic	6 (6.3)	2 (16.7)	0.62	(0.24, 1.6)	0.3067
	transglottic	26 (27.4)	3 (25.0)	0.74	(0.40, 1.4)	0.3300
	Unknown	11 (11.6)	3 (25.0)	0.71	(0.33, 1.5)	0.3706
CCI^e	None	56 (58.9)	11 (91.7)	1	-	-
	One and more	39 (41.1)	1 (8.3)	1.8	(1.2, 2.7)	0.0061
2nd primary carcinoma	None	88 (92.6)	11 (91.7)	1	-	-
	Yes	7 (7.4)	1 (8.3)	1.3	(0.60, 2.9)	0.4857

^aHR: Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence interval; ^bResults from univariate analysis; ^cResults from multivariate analysis using backward selection; ^dcontinuous, ^eCCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index

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