Variables | GGT | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Cases (n) | ≥23.1 | <23.1 | p value* | Mean ± SD | p value** |
Gender | ||||||
 Male | 343 | 184 | 158 | 0.004 | 37.96 ± 4.72 | 0.001 |
 Female | 101 | 38 | 63 |  | 26.20 ± 1.84 |  |
Age | ||||||
  < 59 years | 232 | 124 | 108 | 0.128 | 39.85 ± 5.20 | 0.056 |
  ≥ 59 years | 212 | 98 | 114 |  | 30.29 ± 2.85 |  |
Alcohol | ||||||
 No | 260 | 97 | 163 | 0.000 | 27.57 ± 3.06 | 0.000 |
 Yes | 184 | 125 | 59 |  | 46.18 ± 5.37 |  |
Tumor location | ||||||
 Upper | 40 | 21 | 19 | 0.009 | 40.24 ± 5.29 | 0.002 |
 Middle | 276 | 123 | 153 |  | 30.05 ± 2.60 |  |
 Lower | 128 | 78 | 50 |  | 45.02 ± 6.22 |  |
Stage | ||||||
 I and II | 234 | 106 | 128 | 0.037 | 29.81 ± 3.43 | 0.007 |
 III and IV | 210 | 116 | 94 |  | 41.39 ± 4.98 |  |
Treatment (n) | ||||||
 Surgery only | 236 | 102 | 134 | 0.013 | 31.64 ± 3.84 | 0.033 |
 Surgery and chemotherapy | 178 | 106 | 72 |  | 39.09 ± 4.72 |  |
 Surgery and radiotherapy | 6 | 3 | 3 |  | 33.73 ± 3.20 |  |
 Surgery and chemotherapy and radiotherapy | 24 | 12 | 12 |  | 43.35 ± 4.81 |  |
Deaths | ||||||
 No | 198 | 86 | 112 | 0.013 | 31.82 ± 3.83 | 0.034 |
 Yes | 246 | 136 | 110 |  | 38.07 ± 4.58 |  |