Increased serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor is associated with a worse response of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma to interferon alpha and sequential VEGF-targeting therapy

Table 3 Cox regression analysis for various potential prognostic factors in overall survival

Variable	Unfavorable/ favorable characteristics	No. of patients	Univariate (U)			Multivariate (M)
Variable	Unfavorable/ favorable characteristics	No. of patients	Relative risk	95% confidential interval	P value	Relative risk	95% confidential interval	P value
sIL-2R	high / low	23 / 24	4.44	2.094–9.426	0	2.62	1.161–6.452	0.0167
PD-L1	high / low	23 / 24	3.980	1.891–8.378	0	3.89	1.389–10.898	0.0097
pAkt	high / low	23 / 24	2.91	1.189–7.137	0.02	1.59	0.651–2.326	0.4539
Grade	4 / 3 / 2 / 1	4 / 21 / 19 / 3	3.105	1.711–5.634	0	1.87	0.974–3.588	0.06
pT	4, 3 / 2, 1	38 / 9	2.04	0.766–5.411	0.15
pN	2,1 / 0	13 / 34	2.79	1.335–5.847	0.01	2	0.835–4.803	0.12
Vascular invasion	1 / 0	39 / 8	2.56	0.890–7.347	0.08