Fig. 4

Enhanced cell-cell adhesion is observed in PADI2-depleted cells. a Scratch assays were performed on scrambled-shRNA and PADI2-shRNA cells. The cells were visualized and imaged at t = 0, 12, and 24 h, using a wide-field microscope with built-in incubation chamber, to determine the extent of the wound closure. Widths of initial wounds are indicated by lines. Arrow indicates the directional movement of the migrating cells. Scale bar = 200 μm. b Images of 2 to 3 scrambled-shRNA and PADI2-shRNA cells were taken at t = 0, 6, and 12 h. Scale bar = 50 μm. c Whole cell lysates from scrambled-shRNA and PADI2-shRNA cells were immunoblotted with anti-E-cadherin antibody. Anti-β-actin was used as a loading control. The intensity of the band was measured using ImageJ and was normalized to scrambled-shRNA cells