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Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors predictive of postoperative ipsilateral plural effusion and drainage after diaphragm surgery

From: Diaphragmatic Surgery and Related Complications In Primary Cytoreduction for Advanced Ovarian, Tubal, and Peritoneal Carcinoma

Univariate

 Parameters

Pleural effusions

Pleural drainage

P value

P value

  Age (>55 years old)

0.908

0.080

  Tumor stage (IV vs. IIIC)

<0.001

0.009

  Preoperative pleural effusion

0.215

0.831

  Ascites >2000 mL

0.558

0.878

  CA-125 > 1166 U/mL

0.729

0.482

  Albumin <3.9 g/dL

0.568

0.815

  Diaphragmatic surgery (DFTR vs. DP)

<0.001

<0.001

  Perforation into pleural cavity

0.996

0.996

  TDDE

0997

<0.001

  Pleural nodule biopsy

0.998

0.995

  Operating time > 180 min

<0.001

0.015

  Estimated blood loss >900 mL

0.249

0.442

  Intraoperative blood transfusion >4.0 units

0.016

0.719

Multivariate

 Parameters

Pleural effusions

Pleural drainage

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

  Tumor stage (IV vs. IIIC)

17.2 (4.5–66.7)

<0.001

4.5 (0.8–25.7)

0.086

  Diaphragmatic surgery (DFTR vs. DP)

4.9 (1.2–19.9)

0.028

5.9 (1.5–23.6)

0.011

  TDDE

/

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28.3 (4.9–160.8)

<0.001

  Operating time > 180 min

15.4 (4.3–55.5)

<0.001

2.2 (0.6–8.6)

0.242

  Intraoperative blood transfusion >4.0 units

0.7 (0.2–2.3)

0.581

/

/

  1. Note: Values in bold are statistically significant.
  2. Abbreviations: CA-125 cancer antigen 125, DP diaphragm peritonectomy, DFTR diaphragm full-thickness resection, TDDE trans-diaphragmatic thoracic exploration, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval.