Proportion of cancer in a Middle eastern country attributable to established risk factors

Charafeddine, Maya A.; Olson, Sara H.; Mukherji, Deborah; Temraz, Sally N.; Abou-Alfa, Ghassan K.; Shamseddine, Ali I.

doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3304-7

Table 3 Derived relative risks (RR) from meta- analyses used in the PAF estimation

From: Proportion of cancer in a Middle eastern country attributable to established risk factors

Risk Factor	Cancer site	Males	Females	References
Tobacco smoking (compared to non-smokers)	Esophagus	Current smokers: 2.5 Previous smokers: 2.03	Current smokers: 2.5 Previous smokers: 2.03	[42]
	Larynx	Current smokers: 6.98 Previous smokers: 2.31	Current smokers: 6.98 Previous smokers: 2.31	[42]
	Lung	Current smokers: 8.96 Previous smokers: 3.85	Current smokers: 8.96 Previous smokers: 3.85	[43]
	Bladder	Current smokers: 3.3 Previous smokers: 2.0	Current smokers: 3.1 Previous smokers: 1.65	[42]
	Stomach	Current smokers: 1.64 Previous smokers: 1.31	Current smokers: 1.64 Previous smokers: 1.31	[42]
	Liver	Current smokers: 1.56 Previous smokers: 1.49	Current smokers: 1.56 Previous smokers: 1.49	[42]
	Pancreas	Current smokers: 1.71 Previous smokers: 1.18	Current smokers: 1.71 Previous smokers: 1.18	[42]
	Cervix		Current smokers: 1.83 Previous smokers: 1.26	[42]
Body Mass Index (BMI) (compared to BMI ≤ 25 kg/m²)	EGCA	Overweight:1.71 Obese: 2.34	Overweight:1.71 Obese: 2.34	[44]
	Colon	Overweight:1.26 Obese: 1.71	Overweight:1.09 Obese: 1.1	[45]
	Rectum	Overweight:1.07 Obese: 1.75	Overweight:1 Obese: 1.12	[45]
	Liver	Overweight:1.3 Obese: 1.8	Overweight:1.04 Obese: 1.63	[46]
	Endometrium		Overweight:1.02 Obese: 1.19	[47]
	Renal cell	Overweight:1.22 Obese: 1.63	Overweight:1.38 Obese: 1.95	[49]
	Pancreas	Overweight:1.1 Obese: 1.5	Overweight:1.1 Obese: 1.5	[50]
	Ovary		Overweight:1.08 Obese: 1.27	[51]
	Breast		Overweight:1.02 Obese: 1.19	[29]
Physical Activity (low activity compared to medium and high activity) Table 1	Breast		Low:1.16	[52]
	Bladder	Low:1.09	Low:1.20	[53]
	Gastric-esophagus	Low:1.15	Low:1.67	[54]
	Colon and rectum	Low:1.38	Low:1.27	[55]
Adherence to Mediterranean Diet (low adherence compared to medium and high adherence) Table 1	Stomach	Low adherence:1.49	Low adherence:1.49	[56]
	Colon and rectum	Low adherence:1.12	Low adherence:1.13	[57]
	Bladder	Low adherence: 1.26	Low adherence: 1.05	[58]
Alcohol consumption (High consumption compared to moderate and low consumption) Table 1	Oropharynx	High: 5.30	High: 5.70	[59]
	Esophagus	High: 4.69	High: 8.32	[59]
	Liver	High: 1.59	High: 3.89	[59]
	Colon and rectum	High:1.53	High:1.24	[59]
	Breast		High:1.61	[59]
Infection (compared to non-infected patients)	Stomach	Infected with H. Pylori: 2.89	Infected with H. Pylori: 2.89	[60]
Air pollution (exposure to PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) compared to non-exposed)	Lung	PM₁₀: 1.08 PM_2.5: 1.09	PM₁₀: 1.08 PM_2.5: 1.09	[41]

Back to article page