Overview of cancer incidence and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS in British Columbia, Canada: Implications for HAART use and NADM development

Table 4 Clinical characteristics of PLWHA on antiretroviral therapy by NADM status

Clinical characteristic	Individuals with NADM	Individuals without NADM^a	p-value
Clinical characteristic	(N = 145)	(N = 4773)	p-value
Gender
Male	129 (88.97%)	3887 (81.44%)	0.021*
Female	16 (11.03%)	886 (18.56%)	0.021*
Age (years) at Start of Antiretroviral Therapy
Under 30	8 (11.8%)	689 (14.44%)	<0.001*
30–39	41 (27.7%)	1891 (39.62%)
40–49	41 (28.7%)	1478 (30.97%)
50 or more	55 (31.8%)	715 (14.98%)
History of Intravenous Drug Use
Yes	42 (28.97%)	1724 (36.12%)	0.077
No	103 (71.03%)	3049 (63.88%)	0.077
Nadir CD4 (cells/mm³)
200 or more	28 (19.31%)	1372 (28.75%)	0.040*
100–199	48 (33.10%)	1382 (28.95%)
50–99	28 (19.31%)	658 (13.79%)
less than 50	41 (28.28%)	1361 (28.51%)
DM Status
Yes	7 (4.83%)	244 (5.11%)	0.878
No	138 (95.17%)	4529 (94.89%)	0.878
Hepatitis C Status
Positive	52 (35.86%)	1962 (41.11%)	0.085
Negative	75 (51.72%)	2035 (42.64%)
Unknown	18 (12.41%)	776 (16.26%)
NADM Prior to Start of Antiretroviral Therapy^b
Yes	6 (4.14%)	54 (1.13%)	0.008*
No	139 (95.86%)	4719 (98.87%)	0.008*
Use of HAART^c
Yes	112 (77.24%)	4163 (87.22%)	<0.001*
No	33 (22.76%)	610 (12.78%)	<0.001*
Start of Antiretroviral Therapy^d
Early-HAART era (before 2000)	91 (62.76%)	2002 (41.94%)	<0.001*
Late-HAART era (2000 and after)	54 (37.24%)	2771 (58.06%)	<0.001*

^aIndividuals with no NADM were represented by patients with either no cancer diagnosis (no ADM or NADM) or with an ADM only (but no NADM)
^bComparison groups were defined by individuals with diagnosis of NADM after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. There were 6 patients in the group “Individuals with NADM” that had a NADM prior to start of antiretroviral therapy and developed a second NADM during antiretroviral therapy. There were 54 patients in the group “Individuals without NADM” that had a NADM prior to antiretroviral treatment and did not develop an NADM during antiretroviral therapy
^cAll individuals were treated with antiretroviral therapy (monotherapy, dual therapy, or triple therapy); selected individuals were treated with HAART (triple therapy) according to guidelines at time of treatment
^dThe year cut-point was utilized to represent use of more efficient HAART starting in the year 2000
bolding and * indicates statistical significance at alpha 0.05

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