Table 1 List of reported cases of thyroid cancer metastasis to the facial skeleton
From: Follicular thyroid carcinoma metastasis to the facial skeleton: a systematic review
Author of report | Age, Gender | Primary tumor | Site of presentation | Clinical presentation | Treatment of metastases | Survival | Time to follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agarwal et al. [26] | 45, F | FTC | Mandible | Facial swelling | Resection | Yes | 2 weeks |
Algahtani et al. [40] | 66, F | FTC | Mandible | Pathologic fracture | Resection | NR | NR |
Anil et al. [72] | 61, F | FTC | Mandible | Mandibular swelling | NR | NR | NR |
Bhadage et al. [28] | 40, F | FTC | Mandible | Facial swelling | NR, referred out | NR | NR |
Bingol et al. [27] | 33, F | PTC | Mandible | Painless mass of mandibular angle | Surgery, RAI | No | 5 years |
Colella et al. [75] | 50, F | PTC | Mandible | Pain and swelling in RMT | NR | NR | NR |
Draper et al. [44] | NR, F | FTC | Mandible | Ulcerated oral lesion | XRT, RAI | NR | NR |
Erdag et al. [23] | 53, F | PTC | Mandible | Right sided facial swelling | Surgery, RAI | Yes | 2.5 years |
Essakalli et al. [41] | 50, F | PTC | Mandible | Painful swelling of jaw | Resection, RAI | Yes | 2 months |
Germain et al. [42] | 50, F | PTC | Mandible | Jugular, carotid lymphadenopathy | Resection | Yes | 17 months |
Ismail et al. [30] | 70, F | FTC | Mandible | Pain, “loose teeth” | NR | NR | NR |
Kahn and McCord [31] | 82, F | FTC | Mandible | Painful oral swelling | XRT, surgical salvage | No | 18 |
Kumar RVK et al. [32] | 58, F | FTC | Mandible | Painless facial swelling | Resection, mandible reconconstructive bar, second stage thyroidectomy | Yes | 2 years |
Lavanya et al. [29] | 76, M | FTC | Mandible | Painless mandibular swelling | NR, referred out | NR | NR |
Liu et al. [33] | 66, M | PTC | Mandible | Cheek mass | Resection, RAI | Yes | 3 years |
Markitziu et al. [46] | 69, F | PTC | Mandible | Facial swelling | XRT | Yes | 18 months |
McDaniel et al. [76] | 77, F | FTC | Mandible | Pain, swelling | Resection, parotidectomy, RAI | Yes | 4 years |
Meyer and Shklar [3] | 51, F | FTC | Mandible | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Muttagi et al.: 2 cases [34] | NR | PTC | Mandible | NR | Surgery | NR | NR |
NR | FTC | Mandible | NR | Surgery | NR | NR | |
Nishikawa et al. [39] | 83, F | PDFTC | Mandible | Painful swelling of jaw and face | None | No | 19 months |
Osguthorpe and Bratton [35] | 53, M | FTC | Mandible | Slowly enlarging parotid mass | Resection, RAI | Yes | 3 years |
Ostrosky et al. [25] | 72, M | FTC | Mandible | Painful vascular lesion | Resection, iliac crest graft | NR | NR |
Pasupula et al. [36] | 40, F | FTC | Mandible | Painful left parotid swelling | Resection | NR | NR |
Tamiolakis et al. [4] | 69, F | PTC | Mandible | Facial swelling, mucosal ulcerations | Inoperable | NR | NR |
Tovi et al. [47] | 33, M | FTC | Mandible | Mimicking AVM | RAI | No | 17 days |
Vazifeh et al. [37] | 58, F | FTC | Mandible | Facial swelling | Resection | NR | NR |
Vishveshwaraiah et al. [38] | 56, F | FTC | Mandible | Painless facial swelling, face and lip paresthesia | NR, referred out | NR | NR |
Vural and Hanna [24] | 64, F | FTC | Mandible | Tender, pre-auricular mass | Resection, post op iodine ablation | Yes | 6 weeks |
Zandi et al. [11] | 64, F | FTC | Mandible | NR | NR | NR | NR |
75, F | FTC | Mandible | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
63, F | PTC | Mandible | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
44, F | PTC | Mandible | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
35, F | PTC | Mandible | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
51, F | PTC | Mandible | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
Antunes et al. [22] | 13, F | PTC | Maxilla | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Fatahzadeh et al. [48] | 43, F | PTC | Maxilla | Hemorrhagic mass with ulceration and bleeding | XRT | NR | NR |
Hefer et al. [52] | 58, M | FTC | Maxilla | Left hard palate pain | Resection | Yes | 2 years |
Kumar CS et al. [51] | 31, F | FTC | Maxilla | Painful swelling, mobile teeth | RAI | Yes | 7 years |
Nikitakis et al. [49] | 63, M | PTC | Maxilla | Painful swelling of right posterior maxilla | XRT, palliative chemotherapy | Yes | 2 years |
Slim et al. [50] | 67, F | PTC | Maxilla, zygoma | Painless malar swelling | Resection, postoperative iodine ablation | Yes | NR |
Cinberg et al. [64] | 80, F | FTC | Maxillary sinus | Epistaxis | RAI | NR | NR |
Altinay et al. [69] | 68, F | FTC | Nasal Cavity, orbit, skull base | Left eye puffiness, proptosis, vision Loss, facial numbness | XRT | Yes | 1 month |
Malhotra et al. [60] | 55, F | FTC | Orbit (Anterolateral orbit) | Proptosis, vision Loss | Resection, RAI | NR | NR |
Rocha Filho et al. [57] | 66, F | PTC | Orbit (Frontal bone) | Frontal bone mass | Palliative chemo | Yes | NR |
Bernstein-Lipschitz et al. [55] | 56, F | FTC | Orbit (Lacrimal fossa, orbital roof) | Diplopia, ptosis, orbital Pain | Resection | NR | NR |
Shyla et al. [54] | 70, F | PTC | Orbit (Posterior orbit extending to ethmoid bone) | Vision loss | Resection, XRT | Yes | NR |
Boughattas et al. [56] | 25, F | PTC | Orbit (Supraorbital) | Asymptomatic | NR | NR | NR |
Daumerie et al. [58] | 59, F | PTC | Orbit (Supratemporal quadrant) | Left upper eyelid swelling, exophthalmos | RAI | Yes | 2 months |
Pagsisihan et al. [59] | 49, F | PTC | Orbit (Supraorbital) | Supraorbital mass | RAI | Yes | 6 months |
Argibay-Vasquez [77] | 53, F | PTC | Sphenoid | Headache, paresthesia in the right eye region, left monocular diplopia | RAI, subtototal resection, XRT, RAI | Yes | 3 years |
Yamasoba et al. [67] | 34, F | FTC | Ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary, intracranial | Cheek hypoesthesia, hearing Loss | Embolization, resection | Yes | NR |
Renner et al. [65] | 61, F | FTC | Sphenoid sinus | Epistaxis, anosmia, visual loss | RAI, XRT | Yes | 5 months |
Barrs et al. [63] | 54, F | FTC | Sphenoid sinus, orbit | Visual loss | RAI, XRT | No | 5 years |
Altman et al. [68] | 81, M | FTC | Sphenoid, ethmoid, skull base | Headache | XRT | No | 1 year |
Freeman et al. [78] | 50, M | PTC | Sphenoid, ethmoid | Facial pain, proptosis of the left globe, left horner’s syndrome | XRT, RAI | Yes | 1 year |
Madronio et al. [79] | 53, F | PTC | Sphenoid, ethmoid | Headache, galactorrhea, vision loss | Surgical debulking | Yes | 13 months |
Cumberworth et al. [66] | 74, F | FTC | Sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses | Nasal obstruction | None | No | 1 week after diagnosis |