Table 1 Ninety-five genes for amino acid metabolism related enzymes that were subjected to initial screening

Alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, & glutamate metabolism:

1. ABAT: 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase

2. ADSL: adenylosuccinate lyase

3. ADSS: adenylosuccinate synthetase

4. AGXT: alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase

5. DDO: D-aspartate oxidase

6. ASNS: aspargine synthetase

7. ASPA: aspartoacylase

8. GAD1: glutamate decarboxylase 1

9. GAD2: glutamate decarboxylase 2

10. GOT1: glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble (i.e., AST: aspartate transaminase or aminotransferase, AspAT/ASAT/AAT or SGOT)

11. GOT2: glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2, mitochondrial

12. GPT: glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (i.e. ALT: alanine aminotransferase)

13. GLUD1: glutamate dehydrogenase 1

14. GLUD2: glutamate dehydrogenase 2

15. ALDH5A1: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 5 Family, Member A1

16. GLUL: glutamine synthetase (i.e., GS)

17. GFPT2: glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2

18. MECP2: methyl CpG binding protein 2

19. GLS: glutaminase

Histidine metabolism:

20. ALDH1B1: aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member B1

21. CNDP2: CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family)

22. HDC: Histidine dexarboxylase

23. HAL: histidine ammonia-lyase (i.e., Histidase: HIS or HSTD)

Leucine, isoleucine, & valine metabolism:

24. BCAT1: branched chain amino-acid transaminase 1, cytosolic

25. BCAT2: branched chain amino-acid transaminase 2, mitochondrial

26. LRS: Leucyl-tRNA synthetase

27. BCKDHB: branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, beta polypeptide

28. ILVBL: ilvB (bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like

29. PCCB: propionyl CoA carboxylase, beta polypeptide

Lysine metabolism:

30. AASDHPPT: L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase-phosphopantetheinyl transferase

31. PIPOX: pipecolic acid oxidase

32. WHSC1L1: Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 1

Phenylalanine metabolism:

33. PAH: phenylalanine hydroxylase

34. FAH: fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (fumarylacetoacetase)

Serine, glycine, & threonine metabolism:

35. ALAS1: 5′-aminolevulinate synthase 1

36. ALAS2: 5′-aminolevulinate synthase 2

37. GCAT: glycine C-acetyltransferase

38. PHGDH: phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase

39. PSAT1: phosphoserine aminotransferase 1

40. PSPH: phosphoserine phosphatase

41. SDS: serine dehydratase

42. SHMT1: serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1

43. SHMT2: serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2

44. SPTLC1: serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 1

45. SPTLC2: serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 2

46. SPTLC3: serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 3

47. PPP2R4: protein phosphatase 2A activator, regulatory subunit 4 (i.e., PP2A)

48. ALAD: Aminolevulinic dehydrase

Tyrosine metabolism:

49. PNMT: phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

50. TH: tyrosine hydroxylase

51. TAT: tyrosine aminotransferase

52. DDC: DOPA decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase)

Cysteine, methionine, & glutathione metabolism:

53. CCBL1: cysteine conjugate-beta lyase, cytoplasmic

54. CCBL2: cysteine conjugate-beta lyase 2

55. LDHA: lactate dehydrogenase A

56. AHCY: adenosylhomocysteinase

57. MDH2: malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial)

58. TYMS: thymidylate synthase

59. CTH: cystathionine gamma-lyase

60. GCLC: glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit

61. GCLM: glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit

62. GSS: Glutathione synthetase

63. MTR: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase

64. MAT2A: methionine adenosyltransferase II, alpha

Arginine and proline metabolism:

65. OAT: ornithine aminotransferase

66. CKM: creatine kinase, muscle

67. LAP3: leucine aminopeptidase 3

68. ASL: argininosuccinate lyase

69. ASS1: argininosuccinate synthetase 1

70. ADC: arginine decarboxylase

71. DDAH2: dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2

72. GATM: glycine amidinotransferase (L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase) (i.e., AGAT: arginine:glycine amidinotransferase)

73. ARG1: arginase 1

74. PADI2: peptidyl arginine deiminase, type II

75. PYCR1: pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1

76. PRODH: proline dehydrogenase (oxidase) 1

Tryptophan metabolism:

77. AANAT: aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase

78. TDO2: tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase

79. TPH1: Tryptophan hydroxylase 1

80. IDO1: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1

Selenocompound metabolism:

81. MARS: methionyl-tRNA synthetase

82. SEPHS1: selenophosphate synthetase 1

Other:

83. AADAT: aminoadipate aminotransferase

84. UROS: Uroporphyrineogen synthase

85. UROD: uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

86. CPS1: carbamoyl-phosphatesynthase 1, mitochondrial

87. OTC: ornithine carbamoyltransferase

88. PDXP: pyridoxal (pyridoxine, vitamin B6) phosphatase

89. PNPO: pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate oxidase

Amino acid transporters:

90. SLC3A2: solute carrier family 3 (amino acid transporter heavy chain), member 2 (i.e., 4F2hc)

91. SLC7A11: solute carrier family 7 (anionic amino acid transporter light chain, xc- system), member 11 (i.e., xCT)

92. SLC7A7 solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, y + L system), member 7 (i.e., LAT3)

93. SLC7A5: solute carrier family 7 (amino acid transporter light chain, L system), member 5 (i.e., LAT1)

94. SLC1A5: solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5 (i.e., ASCT2)

95. SLC6A14: solute carrier family 6 (amino acid transporter), member 14