Table 5 Institute of medicine calcium and vitamin D dietary reference intakes and prostate cancer
From: Race and BMI modify associations of calcium and vitamin D intake with prostate cancer
|  | Controls |  | Cases vs. Controls |  | NCCN High Risk vs. Controls |  | Gleason Score ≥4 + 3 vs. Controls | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| Â | n (%) | n (%) | OR (95% C.I.) | OR (95% C.I.) | n (%) | OR (95% C.I.) | OR (95% C.I.) | n (%) | OR (95% C.I.) | OR (95% C.I.) |
Dietary Calcium, mg/day | ||||||||||
 <800 | 719 (75.1) | 508 (72.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 101 (64.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 99 (63.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 800–1000 | 93 (9.7) | 73 (10.4) | 1.11 (0.80–1.54) | 1.04 (0.72–1.51) | 20 (12.7) | 1.53 (0.91–2.59) | 1.18 (0.62–2.26) | 23 (14.8) | 1.80 (1.09–2.97) | 1.82 (1.03–3.20) |
 ≥1000 | 146 (15.2) | 118 (16.9) | 1.14 (0.88–1.50) | 1.13 (0.83–1.55) | 36 (22.9) | 1.76 (1.15–2.67) | 1.50 (0.88–1.55) | 33 (21.3) | 1.64 (1.07–2.53) | 1.60 (0.97–2.65) |
 P |  |  | 0.55 | 0.74 |  | 0.02 | 0.32 |  | 0.009 | 0.04 |
Dietary Vitamin D, IU/day | ||||||||||
 <400 | 940 (98.1) | 683 (97.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 148 (94.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 149 (96.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 ≥400 | 18 (1.9) | 16 (2.3) | 1.22 (0.62–2.42) | 1.20 (0.53–2.74) | 9 (5.7) | 3.18 (1.40–7.20) | 2.56 (0.84–7.85) | 6 (3.9) | 2.10 (0.82–5.38) | 2.22 (0.71–6.96) |
 P |  |  | 0.56 | 0.66 |  | 0.006 | 0.10 |  | 0.12 | 0.17 |
Supplemental Calcium, mg/day | ||||||||||
 <800 | 908 (94.8) | 656 (93.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 145 (92.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 144 (92.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 ≥800 | 50 (5.2) | 43 (6.2) | 1.19 (0.78–1.81) | 1.07 (0.66–1.74) | 12 (7.6) | 1.50 (0.78–2.89) | 1.90 (0.81–4.47) | 11 (7.1) | 1.39 (0.71–2.73) | 1.46 (0.67–3.21) |
 P |  |  | 0.42 | 0.79 |  | 0.22 | 0.14 |  | 0.34 | 0.35 |
Supplemental Vitamin D, IU/day | ||||||||||
 <400 | 567 (59.2) | 425 (60.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 102 (65.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 94 (60.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 400–600 | 246 (25.7) | 199 (28.5) | 1.08 (0.86–1.35) | 1.05 (0.81–1.36) | 46 (29.3) | 1.04 (0.71–1.52) | 0.94 (0.59–1.49) | 47 (30.3) | 1.15 (0.79–1.69) | 1.06 (0.69–1.64) |
 ≥600 | 145 (15.1) | 75 (10.7) | 0.69 (0.51–0.94) | 0.70 (0.50–0.98) | 9 (5.7) | 0.35 (0.17–0.70) | 0.35 (0.16–0.77) | 14 (9.0) | 0.58 (0.32–1.05) | 0.47 (0.25–0.90) |
 P |  |  | 0.03 | 0.08 |  | 0.01 | 0.03 |  | 0.11 | 0.047 |
Total Calcium, mg/day | ||||||||||
 <800 | 623 (65.0) | 422 (60.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 85 (54.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 81 (52.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 800–1000 | 85 (8.9) | 92 (13.2) | 1.60 (1.16–2.20) | 1.61 (1.12–2.29) | 19 (12.1) | 1.64 (0.95–2.83) | 1.55 (0.82–2.95) | 24 (15.5) | 2.17 (1.31–3.61) | 2.26 (1.30–3.95) |
 ≥1000 | 250 (26.1) | 185 (26.5) | 1.01 (0.87–1.37) | 1.05 (0.80–1.38) | 53 (33.8) | 1.55 (1.07–2.26) | 1.48 (0.91–2.40) | 50 (32.3) | 1.54 (1.05–2.25) | 1.54 (0.98–2.43) |
 P |  |  | 0.02 | 0.03 |  | 0.02 | 0.18 |  | 0.004 | 0.009 |
Total Vitamin D, IU/day | ||||||||||
 <400 | 545 (56.9) | 406 (58.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 93 (59.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 87 (56.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 400–600 | 210 (21.9) | 178 (25.5) | 1.14 (0.90–1.44) | 1.11 (0.85–1.46) | 46 (29.3) | 1.28 (0.87–1.89) | 1.14 (0.71–1.83) | 42 (27.1) | 1.25 (0.84–1.87) | 1.24 (0.80–1.95) |
 ≥600 | 203 (21.2) | 115 (16.5) | 0.76 (0.59–0.99) | 0.74 (0.54–1.01) | 18 (11.5) | 0.52 (0.31–0.88) | 0.44 (0.23–0.84) | 26 (16.8) | 0.80 (0.50–1.28) | 0.60 (0.35–1.05) |
 P |  |  | 0.03 | 0.06 |  | 0.009 | 0.02 |  | 0.25 | 0.06 |