Fig. 4

Curcumin induces reactive oxygen species activation in GSCs. a Curcumin-mediated ROS induction in the GSC glio9 was visualized using CM-H2DCFDA, which produces s a fluorescent adduct (green) in the presence of ROS, at 0, 1, 6 and 24 h under fluorescent microscopy. b ROS induction in the GSC glio3 and glio9 at 0, 0.5, 4 and 24 h following curcumin treatment was determined by measuring CM-H2DCFDA fluorescent intensities in a microplate reader. Data expressed as fold change over non-treated (NT) controls. *p < 0.05 compared to NT