Fig. 5

LMP1/pcDNA3.1 vaccination increases activated CTLs and induces proinflammatory cytokines in vivo. a Upper panel, schedule of vaccination and tumor injection. Lower panel, percentages (%) of CD8⁺/CD107a⁺ cells (activated CTLs) in mice from control or vaccine groups. **, P < 0.01. C57BL/6 J mice were vaccinated weekly with either empty pcDNA3.1 (control) or LMP1/pcDNA3.1 (vaccine) (n = 5) for 3 weeks. Subcutaneous injection of 1 × 10⁶ LMP1-expressing TC-1 cells was given 3 weeks after the last dose of vaccination (D0). Mice were sacrificed 2 weeks after tumor injection. Splenocytes were harvested and subjected for flow cytometric analysis of CD8 and CD107a expression. b Representative plots of flow cytometry from control or vaccine groups. Percentages of CD8⁺/CD107a⁺ cells (activated CTLs) are as indicated. c Statistical analysis of cytokine ELISArray. Sera from mice in control and vaccine groups (n = 4 in each group) were collected and subjected to ELISArray. Results are presented as mean ± S.D. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01