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Table 1 Bivariate Relationship Between Predictors and CRC Screening (n = 193)

From: The impact of medical tourism on colorectal screening among Korean Americans: A community-based cross-sectional study

 

Sample

n (%)

Not Screened

n (%)

Screened

n (%)

P value

Socio-Demographics

 Age in years; Mean (SD)a

61.59 (7.19)

59.91 (7.12)

62.57 (6.88)

0.01

 Gender

  Male

70 (37)

33 (47)

37 (53)

0.41

  Female

117 (63)

48 (41)

69 (59)

 

 Employment status

  Working full time

30 (16)

15 (50)

15 (50)

0.32

  Working part time

19 (10)

11 (58)

8 (42)

 

  Self-employed

45 (24)

19 (42)

26 (58)

 

  Unemployed

91 (49)

34 (37)

57 (63)

 

 Marital status

  Married

145 (79)

63 (43)

82 (57)

0.99

  Unmarried

39 (21)

17 (44)

22 (56)

 

 Health insurance

  Insured

73 (41)

26 (36)

47 (64)

0.06

  Not insured

105 (59)

52 (50)

53 (50)

 

 Education status

  Less than high school

31 (17)

14 (45)

17 (55)

0.25

  High school graduate or GEDb

57 (31)

25 (44)

32 (56)

 

  Some college

21 (11)

13 (62)

8 (38)

 

  College graduate and more

75 (41)

28 (37)

47 (63)

 

 Annual household income

  Less than $20,000

62 (35)

29 (47)

33 (53)

0.73

  $20,000 up to $39,999

32 (18)

13 (41)

19 (59)

 

  $40,000 up to $59,999

33 (19)

14 (42)

19 (58)

 

  $60,000 and more

25 (14)

9 (36)

16 (64)

 

  Don’t know

26 (15)

14 (54)

12 (46)

 

Health Factors

 Current health

  Good or excellent

96 (52)

37 (39)

59 (61)

0.16

  Fair or poor

88 (48)

43 (49)

45 (51)

 

 Number of diagnoses

  0

34 (18)

20 (59)

14 (41)

0.04

  1 and more

153 (82)

61 (40)

92 (60)

 

 Family history of CRCc

  Yes

31 (17)

10 (32)

21 (68)

0.35

  No

148 (79)

68 (46)

80 (54)

 

  Don’t know

8 (4)

3 (38)

5 (62)

 

 Place of usual care in US

  Yes

116 (63)

44 (38)

72 (62)

0.06

  No

67 (37)

35 (52)

32 (48)

 

Acculturation

 Age immigrated to the US; Mean (SD)

38.83 (11.44)

37.48 (11.04)

39.76 (11.46)

0.17

 Years lived in the US; Mean (SD)

22.72 (10.52)

22.27 (10.1)

22.7 (10.79)

0.78

 English speaking proficiency

  Well

50 (28)

21 (41)

30 (59)

0.71

  Not well

129 (72)

57 (44)

72 (56)

 

CRC Screening Knowledge

 Age screening begins

  Correct

46 (25)

16 (35)

30 (65)

0.15

  Incorrect

139 (75)

65 (47)

74 (53)

 

 Only one test available

  Correct

31 (17)

12 (39)

19 (61)

0.54

  Incorrect

152 (83)

68 (45)

84 (55)

 

Medical Cost

 Worries about medical costs for general care

  Worried

93 (51)

48 (52)

45 (48)

0.03

  Not worried

88 (49)

31 (35)

57 (65)

 

 Worries about medical costs for serious illness

  Worried

113 (62)

56 (50)

57 (50)

0.03

  Not worried

70 (38)

23 (33)

47 (67)

 

Medical Tourism

 Number of times traveled outside of the US

  0

121 (67)

67 (55)

54 (45)

<0.001

  1 and more

60 (33)

11 (18)

49 (82)

 

 When last traveled

  A year ago or less

23 (37)

2 (9)

21 (91)

0.12

  1-3 years ago

25 (40)

8 (32)

17 (68)

 

  3+ years ago

15 (24)

3 (20)

12 (80)

 

 Country traveledd

  Korea

60 (95)

11 (18)

49 (82)

0.08

  Not Korea

3 (5)

2 (67)

1 (33)

 
  1. aSD = Standard Deviation
  2. bGED = General Educational Development
  3. cCRC = Colorectal Cancer
  4. dOnly those who report traveling outside of the country for medical care. Bivariate analysis using logistic regressions