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Table 2 Unadjusted mean RR estimates of prostate cancer morbidity or mortality for different categories of drinkers compared with ‘abstainers’ (N = 27 studies and 126 observations) with tests of publication bias and heterogeneity

From: Is alcohol consumption a risk factor for prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta–analysis

Drinking categories

N/na

Unadjusted mean RR

Egger’s regression for publication bias

Test for heterogeneity

RR (95 % CI)

t–test P

Coefficient

t–test P

Q statistic P

I2 (%, 95 % CI)

Abstainer

 

1.00

     

Former drinker

7/13

1.04 (0.92 – 1.19)

0.5155

–1.33

0.2274

>0.05

1.00 (0.00 – 56.59)

Occasional (<1.30 g/day)

6/7

1.02 (0.86 – 1.21)

0.8292

+1.63

0.0542

>0.05

1.00 (0.00 – 70.81)

Low volume (1.30– < 25 g/day)

27/62

1.09 (1.03 – 1.16)

0.0031

+0.13

0.5558

>0.05

10.66 (0.00 – 64.80)

Medium volume (25– < 45 g/day)

18/20

1.03 (0.93 – 1.14)

0.6046

–0.26

0.4287

>0.05

1.00 (0.00 – 62.37)

High volume (45– < 65 g/day)

10/11

1.13 (0.98 – 1.30)

0.0935

–0.32

0.5125

>0.05

13.38 (0.00 – 53.90)

Higher volume (65+ g/day)

9/13

1.15 (1.01 – 1.13)

0.0336

–0.24

0.6353

>0.05

19.94 (0.00 – 57.85)

Any drinking

27/126

1.08 (1.04 – 1.12)

0.0033

–0.04

0.7727

>0.05

16.42 (0.00 – 33.73)

  1. Note: a N = Number of studies and n = Number of risk estimates