Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for predictors of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women living with HIV with sufficient DNA for HPV analysis (n = 295)
Predictors of HPVa | HPV-positive group (n = 78) | HPV-negative group (n = 151) | Unadjusted odds ratios | p-value | Adjusted odds ratiosb | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at 1 February 2011 (inclusion), n(%) | ||||||
18-29 years | 9 (11.5) | 9 (4.2) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
30-50 years | 51 (65.4) | 161 (74.2) | 0.32 (0.12-0.84) | 0.02 | 0.43 (0.14-1.33) | 0.14 |
> 50 years | 18 (23.1) | 47 (21.7) | 0.38 (0.13-1.12) | 0.08 | 0.51 (0.13-1.92) | 0.32 |
(missing) | 0 (0) | (0) | ||||
Combined p-value | 0.068 | 0.32 | ||||
Race, n(%) | ||||||
White | 34 (44.7) | 94 (44.1) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Asian | 6 (7.9) | 31 (14.6) | 0.54 (0.21-1.40) | 0.20 | 0.67 (0.23-1.92) | 0.46 |
Black | 36 (47.4) | 88 (41.3) | 1.13 (0.65-1.96) | 0.66 | 0.38 (0.67-2.87) | 0.38 |
(missing) | (2) | (4) | - | - | ||
Combined p-value | 0.31 | 0.35 | ||||
Sexual debut, n(%) | ||||||
≥ 16 years of age | 51 (65.4) | 160 (73.7) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
< 16 years of age | 27 (34.6) | 57 (26.3) | 1.49 (0.85-2.59) | 0.16 | 2.05 (1.03-4.10) | 0.042 |
(missing) | (0) | (0) | - | |||
HAART duration, (years) | ||||||
Median (IQR) | 4.6 (2.0-10.4) | 8.8 (4.6-12.2) | 0.91 (0.86-0.96) | 0.0013 | 0.90 (0.84-0.96) | 0.0011 |
(missing) | (2) | (9) | ||||
AIDS prior to inclusion, n(%) | ||||||
No | 55 (71.4) | 191 (88.4) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Yes | 22 (28.6) | 25 (11.6) | 0.33 (0.17-0.63) | 0.0007 | 3.61 (1.75-7.46) | 0.0005 |
(missing) | (1) | (1) | ||||
Smoking status, n(%) | ||||||
Current smoker/Ex-smoker | 33 (42.3) | 92 (42.4) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Never smoker | 45 (57.7) | 125 (57.6) | 1.00 (0.59-1.69) | 0.99 | 1.31 (0.65-2.63) | 0.45 |
(missing) | (0) | (0) | ||||
Number of lifetime sexual partners at inclusion, n(%) | ||||||
< 5 | 36 (25.0) | 54 (36.0) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
≥ 5 | 108 (75.0) | 96 (64.0) | 1.83 (1.00-3.36) | 0.05 | 2.20 (1.08-4.49) | 0.03 |
(missing) | (0) | (1) | ||||
Use of hormonal contraceptives, | ||||||
n(%) | 12 (8.3) | 9 (6.0) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Yes | 132 (91.7) | 142 (94.0) | 0.89 (0.33-2.38) | 0.82 | 1.29 (0.40-4.10) | 0.67 |
No | (0) | (0) | ||||
(missing) | ||||||
CD4 count at inclusion (cells/μL), | ||||||
> 350 | 45 (69.2) | 173 (83.2) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
200-350 | 15 (23.1) | 28 (13.5) | 2.06 (1.02-4.18) | 0.045 | 2.53 (1.20-5.40) | 0.015 |
< 200 | 5 (7.7) | 7 (3.4) | 2.75 (0.83-9.06) | 0.10 | 2.70 (0.78-9.33) | 0.12 |
(missing) | (13) | (9) | ||||
Combined p-value | 0.0496 | 0.023 | ||||