Fig. 2

CPS increased LDH release activity and ROS Generation in 786-O cells. a LDH release assays with 786-O cells treated with different concentrations of CPS (from 100 to 400 μM) for 72 h, or with 400 μM CPS for 72 h after being pretreated with 2 μM CPZ for 2 h. b DCFH-DA fluorescence images are shown with the fluorescence intensity representing ROS concentration. Cells stimulated with vary concentrations (from 100 to 300 μM) of CPS for 24 h, or with 300 μM CPS after being pretreated with CPZ. Statistical data from multiple experiments (mean ± SD, n = 30). *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; bars, SD. One-Way ANOVA was used for the data analysis