Fig. 1

Ethnic inequalities in smoking, obesity, alcohol and screening examples of mediators for excess cancer mortality, New Zealand. Note: Smoking prevalence rates use the definition of regular current smoking of 1+ cigarette per day and there was some slight variation between censuses in the questions for ethnicity and smoking. The crude obesity prevalence rates from National Nutrition Surveys (NNS) and New Zealand Health Surveys (NZHS) use an obesity definition of a BMI of ≥30, except for Māori and Pacific peoples before 2000 when it was ≥32. The age group was 15+ year olds except for in 1977 (20–64 years) and 1989 (15–74 years). European/Other obesity figures in 1977 and 1989 are estimated from the total population. Alcohol consumption is from the NZHS and the New Zealand Drug and Alcohol Survey. Breast and cervical screening coverage is from the Independent Monitoring Reports at www.nsu.govt.nz