From: Racial differences in six major subtypes of melanoma: descriptive epidemiology
In situ | Localized | Regional | Distant | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95 % CI | P | HR | 95 % CI | P | HR | 95 % CI | P | HR | 95 % CI | P | |
Melanoma in situ | ||||||||||||
Gender | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Male | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Female | 0.502 | 0.398–0.634 | 0.000 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Age at diagnosis | 1.098 | 1.087–1.110 | 0.000 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Marital Status | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Single | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Married | 0.770 | 0.539–1.099 | 0.150 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Separated/divorced/widowed | 1.225 | 0.831–1.806 | 0.305 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Ethnic group | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
NHW | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
HW | 1.886 | 0.888–4.006 | 0.099 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Black | 0.709 | 0.098–5.115 | 0.733 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Asian/PI | 0.624 | 0.087–4.495 | 0.640 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Anatomic Site | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Face/head/neck | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Trunk | 0.993 | 0.783–1.259 | 0.952 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Upper Extremity | 0.876 | 0.668–1.149 | 0.338 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Lower Extremity | 0.753 | 0.500–1.133 | 0.174 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Other | 1.081 | 0.399–2.929 | 0.878 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Treatment | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
No surgery or radiation | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Surgery | 1.125 | 0.531–2.387 | 0.758 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Radiation | 0.185 | -- | 0.989 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Radiation & Surgery | 1.041 | 0.214–5.063 | 0.961 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Thickness of tumor (mm) | 1.043 | 0.993–1.095 | 0.091 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Ulceration | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
No | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Yes | 1.722 | 0.847–3.503 | 0.133 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Superficial spreading melanoma | ||||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Female | - | - | - | 0.709 | 0.677–0.742 | 0.000 | 0.718 | 0.644–0.801 | 0.000 | 0.657 | 0.452–0.955 | 0.028 |
Age at diagnosis | - | - | - | 1.074 | 1.072–1.075 | 0.000 | 1.033 | 1.029–1.036 | 0.000 | 1.018 | 1.007–1.029 | 0.001 |
Marital Status | ||||||||||||
Single | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Married | - | - | - | 0.741 | 0.693–0.792 | 0.000 | 0.724 | 0.631–0.832 | 0.000 | 0.505 | 0.337–0.757 | 0.001 |
Separated/divorced/widowed | - | - | - | 1.034 | 0.957–1.117 | 0.400 | 0.897 | 0.759–1.059 | 0.199 | 0.791 | 0.480–1.301 | 0.355 |
Ethnic group | ||||||||||||
NHW | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
HW | - | - | - | 1.065 | 0.915–1.241 | 0.416 | 1.213 | 0.909–1.620 | 0.190 | 0.931 | 0.468–1.850 | 0.837 |
Black | - | - | - | 0.920 | 0.605–1.398 | 0.696 | 0.954 | 0.549–1.657 | 0.867 | 1.171 | 0.156–8.812 | 0.878 |
Asian/PI | - | - | - | 1.008 | 0.726–1.398 | 0.964 | 1.028 | 0.606–1.745 | 0.918 | 0.821 | 0.196–3.447 | 0.788 |
Anatomic Site | ||||||||||||
Face/head/neck | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Trunk | - | - | - | 0.849 | 0.804–0.896 | 0.000 | 0.896 | 0.788–1.020 | 0.098 | 1.570 | 1.062–2.319 | 0.024 |
Upper Extremity | - | - | - | 0.750 | 0.707–0.795 | 0.000 | 0.800 | 0.692–0.925 | 0.003 | 1.606 | 1.034–2.493 | 0.035 |
Lower Extremity | - | - | - | 0.655 | 0.611–0.701 | 0.000 | 0.820 | 0.707–0.951 | 0.009 | 1.384 | 0.825–2.323 | 0.218 |
Other | - | - | - | 1.031 | 0.731–1.455 | 0.860 | 1.359 | 0.507–3.646 | 0.542 | 0.000 | -- | 0.954 |
Treatment | ||||||||||||
No surgery or radiation | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Surgery | - | - | - | 0.584 | 0.468–0.729 | 0.000 | 2.030 | 0.652–6.316 | 0.222 | 0.274 | 0.116–0.645 | 0.003 |
Radiation | - | - | - | 1.738 | 0.427–7.077 | 0.440 | 5.760 | 0.597–55.57 | 0.130 | 1.454 | 0.397–5.328 | 0.572 |
Radiation & Surgery | - | - | - | 1.175 | 0.841–1.640 | 0.345 | 4.154 | 1.316–13.11 | 0.015 | 0.750 | 0.306–1.836 | 0.529 |
Thickness of tumor (mm) | - | - | - | 1.223 | 1.207–1.239 | 0.000 | 1.152 | 1.128–1.176 | 0.000 | 1.107 | 1.043–1.175 | 0.001 |
Ulceration | ||||||||||||
No | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Yes | - | - | - | 1.355 | 1.226–1.498 | 0.000 | 1.082 | 0.984–1.190 | 0.102 | 1.011 | 0.703–1.453 | 0.954 |
Nodular melanoma | ||||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Female | - | - | - | 0.753 | 0.698–0.812 | 0.000 | 0.790 | 0.728–0.858 | 0.000 | 1.069 | 0.879–1.299 | 0.504 |
Age at diagnosis | - | - | - | 1.048 | 1.045–1.050 | 0.000 | 1.028 | 1.026–1.031 | 0.000 | 1.010 | 1.004–1.015 | 0.001 |
Marital Status | ||||||||||||
Single | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Married | - | - | - | 0.707 | 0.636–0.785 | 0.000 | 0.799 | 0.722–0.885 | 0.000 | 0.763 | 0.600–0.970 | 0.027 |
Separated/divorced/widowed | - | - | - | 0.944 | 0.838–1.063 | 0.341 | 1.001 | 0.887–1.129 | 0.987 | 0.880 | 0.663–1.167 | 0.374 |
Ethnic group | ||||||||||||
NHW | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
HW | - | - | - | 0.924 | 0.739–1.155 | 0.486 | 1.150 | 0.958–1.380 | 0.134 | 0.625 | 0.416–0.940 | 0.024 |
Black | - | - | - | 1.533 | 0.887–2.647 | 0.126 | 1.335 | 0.876–2.035 | 0.179 | 0.597 | 0.243–1.467 | 0.261 |
Asian/PI | - | - | - | 0.938 | 0.597–1.475 | 0.783 | 0.781 | 0.540–1.128 | 0.187 | 0.959 | 0.469–1.961 | 0.910 |
Anatomic Site | ||||||||||||
Face/head/neck | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Trunk | - | - | - | 1.046 | 0.957–1.143 | 0.320 | 1.125 | 1.023–1.238 | 0.016 | 1.284 | 1.027–1.605 | 0.029 |
Upper Extremity | - | - | - | 0.846 | 0.773–0.926 | 0.000 | 0.901 | 0.813–0.998 | 0.046 | 0.960 | 0.745–1.237 | 0.750 |
Lower Extremity | - | - | - | 0.832 | 0.743–0.931 | 0.001 | 0.984 | 0.879–1.101 | 0.775 | 0.936 | 0.711–1.232 | 0.636 |
Other | - | - | - | 0.974 | 0.572–1.660 | 0.923 | 0.940 | 0.518–1.705 | 0.838 | 3.880 | 0.942–15.986 | 0.061 |
Treatment | ||||||||||||
No surgery or radiation | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Surgery | - | - | - | 0.498 | 0.358–0.692 | 0.000 | 0.416 | 0.276–0.628 | 0.000 | 0.459 | 0.282–0.748 | 0.002 |
Radiation | - | - | - | 1.813 | 0.644–5.102 | 0.260 | 0.418 | 0.056–3.102 | 0.394 | 0.626 | 0.210–1.866 | 0.400 |
Radiation & Surgery | - | - | - | 1.012 | 0.667–1.536 | 1.012 | 0.648 | 0.419–1.003 | 0.051 | 0.678 | 0.409–1.124 | 0.132 |
Thickness of tumor (mm) | - | - | - | 1.120 | 1.104–1.136 | 0.000 | 1.074 | 1.060–1.088 | 0.000 | 1.017 | 0.989–1.044 | 0.235 |
Ulceration | ||||||||||||
No | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Yes | - | - | - | 1.215 | 1.116–1.323 | 0.000 | 1.074 | 1.000–1.155 | 0.051 | 0.834 | 0.699–0.997 | 0.046 |
Lentigo maligna melanoma | ||||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Female | - | - | - | 0.641 | 0.589–0.698 | 0.000 | 0.641 | 0.471–0.872 | 0.005 | 1.968 | 0.468–8.271 | 0.355 |
Age at diagnosis | - | - | - | 1.093 | 1.088–1.097 | 0.000 | 1.050 | 1.036–1.065 | 0.000 | 1.016 | 0.965–1.070 | 0.550 |
Marital Status | ||||||||||||
Single | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Married | - | - | - | 0.758 | 0.660–0.870 | 0.000 | 0.858 | 0.508–1.449 | 0.566 | 1.701 | 0.345–8.396 | 0.514 |
Separated/divorced/widowed | - | - | - | 0.939 | 0.808–1.091 | 0.409 | 1.137 | 0.657–1.969 | 0.646 | 0.744 | 0.082–6.771 | 0.793 |
Ethnic group | ||||||||||||
NHW | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
HW | - | - | - | 0.981 | 0.723–1.330 | 0.900 | 0.619 | 0.196–1.954 | 0.414 | - | - | - |
Black | - | - | - | 1.029 | 0.486–2.180 | 0.940 | 9.996 | 1.239–80.642 | 0.031 | 0.308 | 0.009–10.073 | 0.508 |
Asian | - | - | - | 0.587 | 0.244–1.412 | 0.234 | 1.120 | 0.331–3.793 | 0.855 | - | - | - |
Anatomic Site | ||||||||||||
Face/head/neck | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Trunk | - | - | - | 0.909 | 0.812–1.018 | 0.099 | 1.068 | 0.666–1.713 | 0.785 | 5.787 | 1.173-28.562 | 0.031 |
Upper Extremity | - | - | - | 0.888 | 0.806–0.978 | 0.016 | 0.988 | 0.656–1.488 | 0.954 | 1.564 | 0.145–16.844 | 0.712 |
Lower Extremity | - | - | - | 0.802 | 0.655–0.981 | 0.032 | 0.670 | 0.363–1.234 | 0.198 | - | - | - |
Other | - | - | - | 1.218 | 0.792–1.873 | 0.369 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Treatment | ||||||||||||
No surgery or radiation | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | ||||
Surgery | - | - | - | 0.734 | 0.530–1.015 | 0.062 | 1.768 | 0.245–12.759 | 0.572 | 1 | ||
Radiation | - | - | - | 0.017 | -- | 0.902 | - | - | - | 135.011 | -- | 0.000 |
Radiation & Surgery | - | - | - | 1.202 | 0.703–2.056 | 0.501 | 3.478 | 0.445–27.195 | 0.235 | 7.513 | 1.689–33.427 | 0.008 |
Thickness of tumor (mm) | - | - | - | 1.130 | 1.098–1.162 | 0.000 | 1.094 | 1.030–1.161 | 0.003 | 1.142 | 0.893–1.460 | 0.289 |
Ulceration | ||||||||||||
No | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Yes | - | - | - | 1.243 | 0.971–1.592 | 0.085 | 1.242 | 0.949–1.626 | 0.114 | 2.834 | 0.458–17.545 | 0.263 |
Acral lentiginous melanoma, malignant | ||||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Female | - | - | - | 0.810 | 0.649–1.011 | 0.062 | 0.595 | 0.471–0.752 | 0.000 | 0.828 | 0.449–1.529 | 0.546 |
Age at diagnosis | - | - | - | 1.069 | 1.059–1.079 | 0.000 | 1.025 | 1.017–1.034 | 0.000 | 1.040 | 1.013–1.067 | 0.003 |
Marital Status | ||||||||||||
Single | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Married | - | - | - | 0.922 | 0.638–1.332 | 0.665 | 0.790 | 0.550–1.136 | 0.204 | 0.340 | 0.120–0.967 | 0.043 |
Separated/divorced/widowed | - | - | - | 1.063 | 0.719–1.572 | 0.761 | 1.093 | 0.744–1.606 | 0.652 | 0.337 | 0.099–1.147 | 0.082 |
Ethnic group | ||||||||||||
Non-Hispanic white | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Hispanic white | - | - | - | 0.771 | 0.530–1.123 | 0.176 | 1.219 | 0.884–1.682 | 0.228 | 0.987 | 0.409–2.381 | 0.977 |
Black | - | - | - | 1.112 | 0.803–1.540 | 0.523 | 1.080 | 0.751–1.553 | 0.678 | 0.601 | 0.254–1.420 | 0.246 |
Asian | - | - | - | 1.307 | 0.826–2.068 | 0.254 | 0.843 | 0.568–1.250 | 0.396 | 0.630 | 0.183–2.176 | 0.465 |
Anatomic Site | ||||||||||||
Face/head/neck | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | ||||
Trunk | - | - | - | 0.845 | 0.280–2.552 | 0.765 | 0.770 | 0.123–4.845 | 0.781 | 1 | ||
Upper Extremity | - | - | - | 0.978 | 0.447–2.140 | 0.956 | 0.933 | 0.275–3.162 | 0.912 | 0.253 | 0.045–1.403 | 0.116 |
Lower Extremity | - | - | - | 1.004 | 0.472–2.139 | 0.991 | 1.277 | 0.383–4.250 | 0.691 | 0.302 | 0.060–1.509 | 0.145 |
Other | - | - | - | 0.913 | 0.111–7.533 | 0.933 | 0.011 | -- | 0.962 | - | - | - |
Treatment | ||||||||||||
No surgery or radiation | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Surgery | - | - | - | 0.372 | 0.162–0.855 | 0.020 | 0.065 | 0.020–0.213 | 0.000 | 0.150 | 0.031–0.718 | 0.018 |
Radiation | - | - | - | 0.431 | 0.049–3.766 | 0.446 | - | - | - | 0.946 | 0.112–7.994 | 0.959 |
Radiation & Surgery | - | - | - | 0.151 | 0.018–1.271 | 0.082 | 0.179 | 0.047–0.687 | 0.012 | 0.528 | 0.091–3.061 | 0.476 |
Thickness of tumor (mm) | - | - | - | 1.137 | 1.072–1.206 | 0.000 | 1.115 | 1.069–1.163 | 0.000 | 1.094 | 0.988–1.211 | 0.083 |
Ulceration | ||||||||||||
No | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Yes | - | - | - | 1.544 | 1.112–2.143 | 0.009 | 1.103 | 0.888–1.368 | 0.376 | 2.281 | 1.216–4.280 | 0.010 |
Malignant melanoma, NOS | ||||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Female | - | - | - | 0.705 | 0.676–0.735 | 0.000 | 0.800 | 0.742–0.862 | 0.000 | 0.881 | 0.752–1.032 | 0.117 |
Age at diagnosis | - | - | - | 1.069 | 1.068–1.071 | 0.000 | 1.033 | 1.031–1.035 | 0.000 | 1.014 | 1.010–1.019 | 0.000 |
Marital Status | ||||||||||||
Single | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Married | - | - | - | 0.731 | 0.690–0.776 | 0.000 | 0.777 | 0.704–0.857 | 0.000 | 0.630 | 0.521–0.762 | 0.000 |
Separated/divorced/widowed | - | - | - | 0.985 | 0.921–1.054 | 0.660 | 0.993 | 0.886–1.114 | 0.910 | 0.848 | 0.673–1.069 | 0.163 |
Ethnic group | ||||||||||||
NHW | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
HW | - | - | - | 1.134 | 1.002–1.284 | 0.046 | 1.240 | 1.056–1.455 | 0.009 | 0.970 | 0.704–1.336 | 0.852 |
Black | - | - | - | 1.389 | 1.086–1.777 | 0.009 | 1.372 | 1.056–1.782 | 0.018 | 0.859 | 0.516–1.431 | 0.561 |
Asian/PI | - | - | - | 1.004 | 0.782–1.290 | 0.973 | 1.052 | 0.772–1.434 | 0.748 | 1.478 | 0.850–2.571 | 0.167 |
Anatomic Site | ||||||||||||
Face/head/neck | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Trunk | - | - | - | 0.918 | 0.876–0.962 | 0.000 | 1.087 | 0.994–1.189 | 0.068 | 1.098 | 0.913–1.320 | 0.320 |
Upper Extremity | - | - | - | 0.811 | 0.772–0.852 | 0.000 | 0.859 | 0.779–0.948 | 0.003 | 0.970 | 0.782–1.203 | 0.778 |
Lower Extremity | - | - | - | 0.732 | 0.687–0.779 | 0.000 | 0.910 | 0.823–1.006 | 0.065 | 0.835 | 0.672–1.037 | 0.103 |
Other | - | - | - | 0.911 | 0.690–1.201 | 0.506 | 1.416 | 0.908–2.208 | 0.125 | 1.011 | 0.631–1.619 | 0.964 |
Treatment | ||||||||||||
No surgery or radiation | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Surgery | - | - | - | 0.656 | 0.572–0.752 | 0.000 | 0.392 | 0.291–0.530 | 0.000 | 0.472 | 0.357–0.626 | 0.000 |
Radiation | - | - | - | 2.551 | 1.424–4.570 | 0.002 | 1.886 | 0.886–4.016 | 0.100 | 1.647 | 1.033–2.625 | 0.036 |
Radiation & Surgery | - | - | - | 1.312 | 1.069–1.610 | 0.009 | 0.732 | 0.531–1.011 | 0.058 | 0.747 | 0.549–1.016 | 0.063 |
Thickness of tumor (mm) | - | - | - | 1.196 | 1.183–1.208 | 0.000 | 1.086 | 1.073–1.099 | 0.000 | 1.045 | 1.021–1.069 | 0.000 |
Ulceration | ||||||||||||
No | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Yes | - | - | - | 1.448 | 1.351–1.553 | 0.000 | 1.172 | 1.097–1.252 | 0.000 | 1.002 | 0.858–1.172 | 0.975 |