From: Nomograms to predict survival after colorectal cancer resection without preoperative therapy
Variables | Cancer-specific survival | Overall survival | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95Â % CI | P | HR | 95Â % CI | P | |
Sex | ||||||
 Female | ref |  |  | ref |  |  |
 Male | 1.060 | 1.018–1.104 | 0.0049 | 1.055 | 1.019–1.091 | 0.0021 |
Race | ||||||
 White | ref |  |  | ref |  |  |
 Black | 1.278 | 1.206–1.354 | <0.0001 | 1.157 | 1.101–1.216 | <0.0001 |
 Yellow (Chinese, Korean and Japanese) | 0.762 | 0.682–0.850 | <0.0001 | 0.701 | 0.638–0.770 | <0.0001 |
 Other | 0.974 | 0.884–1.072 | 0.5850 | 0.870 | 0.800–0.946 | 0.0011 |
Marital status at diagnosis | ||||||
 Married (including separated) | ref |  |  | ref |  |  |
 Divorced | 1.171 | 1.088–1.259 | <0.0001 | 1.175 | 1.103–1.251 | <0.0001 |
 Single (never married) | 1.332 | 1.255–1.414 | <0.0001 | 1.316 | 1.250–1.386 | <0.0001 |
 Widowed | 1.376 | 1.305–1.450 | <0.0001 | 1.746 | 1.675–1.821 | <0.0001 |
 Unknown | 1.045 | 0.914–1.196 | 0.5175 | 1.246 | 1.120–1.387 | 0.0001 |
CEA status | ||||||
 Negative | ref |  |  | ref |  |  |
 Positive | 3.174 | 3.042–3.313 | <0.0001 | 2.449 | 2.366–2.535 | <0.0001 |
Tumor site | ||||||
 Proximal colon | ref |  |  | ref |  |  |
 Distal colon | 0.892 | 0.850–0.935 | <0.0001 | 0.835 | 0.803–0.869 | <0.0001 |
 Overlapping lesion of colon | 1.382 | 1.153–1.657 | 0.0005 | 1.294 | 1.108–1.510 | 0.0011 |
 Rectum | 0.880 | 0.833–0.931 | <0.0001 | 0.825 | 0.787–0.865 | <0.0001 |
Tumor size | ||||||
 ≤ 5 cm | ref |  |  | ref |  |  |
 > 5 cm | 1.429 | 1.370–1.491 | <0.0001 | 1.316 | 1.270–1.363 | <0.0001 |
 Unknown | 0.821 | 0.746–0.904 | 0.0001 | 0.806 | 0.745–0.873 | <0.0001 |
Extent of surgery | ||||||
 Local/segmental resection | ref |  |  | ref |  |  |
 Subtotal/hemisection | 1.161 | 1.114–1.211 | <0.0001 | 1.181 | 1.141–1.223 | <0.0001 |
 Total resection | 1.527 | 1.373–1.699 | <0.0001 | 1.388 | 1.264–1.525 | <0.0001 |
Histology | ||||||
 Adenocarcinoma | ref |  |  | ref |  |  |
 Signet ring cell carcinoma | 2.648 | 2.304–3.044 | <0.0001 | 2.180 | 1.916–2.480 | <0.0001 |
Tumor grade | ||||||
 G1/G2 | ref |  |  | ref |  |  |
 G3/G4 | 1.903 | 1.820–1.989 | <0.0001 | 1.614 | 1.553–1.678 | <0.0001 |
 Unknown | 1.007 | 0.871–1.164 | 0.9283 | 0.942 | 0.834–1.064 | 0.3372 |
pT stage | ||||||
 pT1 | ref |  |  | ref |  |  |
 pT2 | 1.854 | 1.556–2.209 | <0.0001 | 1.662 | 1.495–1.848 | <0.0001 |
 pT3 | 6.161 | 5.285–7.182 | <0.0001 | 3.150 | 2.871–1.848 | <0.0001 |
 pT4a | 13.422 | 11.43–15.760 | <0.0001 | 5.775 | 5.21–6.400 | <0.0001 |
 pT4b | 17.429 | 14.844–20.464 | <0.0001 | 7.324 | 6.607–8.120 | <0.0001 |
Metastasis | ||||||
 M0 | ref |  |  | ref |  |  |
 M1 | 7.733 | 7.414–8.066 | <0.0001 | 4.953 | 4.773–5.139 | <0.0001 |