Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of the worst group (n = 61, 41.8 %), expected group (n = 67, 45.9 %), and the best group (n = 18, 12.3 %), according to their progression-free survival

Age

58.5 ± 10.9

58.0 ± 11.2

60.5 ± 11.1

0.697

Gender Male/Female

45/1 (73.8/26.2)

55/12 (82.1/37.7)

17/1 (94.4/5.6)

0.140

Body mass index (kg/m²)

23.4 ± 3.1

23.2 ± 2.7

23.9 ± 2.0

0.647

MSKCC criteria

<0.001

 Favorable

3 (5.9)

5 (9.3)

6 (37.5)

 Intermediate

30 (58.8)

42(77.8)

10 (62.5)

 Poor

18 (35.3)

7 (13.0)

0

Heng criteria

0.003

 Favorable

5 (8.9)

9 (15.8)

8 (47.1)

 Intermediate

38 (67.9)

42 (73.7)

9 (52.9)

 Poor

13 (23.2)

6 (10.5)

0

ECOG 0

54 (93.1)

59 (100)

18 (100)

0.078

  1

4 (6.9)

0

0

Metastatic site

 Lung

48 (80.0)

57 (89.1)

14 (77.8)

0.268

 Liver

15 (25.0)

9 (14.8)

1 (5.9)

0.139

 Lymph node

32 (53.3)

31 (49.2)

9 (50.0)

0.918

 Bone

19 (32.2)

21 (34.4)

6 (35.3)

0.968

 Brain

7 (11.7)

7 (11.7)

2 (12.5)

1.000

 Other metastasis

13 (22.0)

12 (19.7)

2 (11.8)

0.691

Nephrectomy

28 (45.9)

35 (52.2)

16 (88.9)

0.004

Embolization

3 (4.9)

3 (4.5)

2 (11.1)

0.455

Clinical T stage

0.371

 T1

7 (16.3)

5 (10.7)

2(16.7)

 T2

4 (9.3)

11(23.4)

0

 T3

22 (51.1)

15 (32.0)

3 (25.0)

 T4

3 (7.0)

6(12.8)

3 (25.0)

 Tx

7(16.3)

10 (21.3)

4 (33.3)

 N1

9 (18.8)

9 (19.1)

4 (28.6)

0.570

 synchronous metastasis

35 (59.3)

50 (75.8)

12 (66.7)

0.144

Fuhrman nuclear grade

0.767

 1–2

14 (34.1)

8 (36.7)

3 (25.0)

 3–5

27 (65.9)

31 (63.3)

9 (75.0)

Histology

0.701

 Clear cell type

45 (77.6)

55(87.3)

11 (73.3)

 Non-clear cell type

2(3.4)

1 (16)

0

 Chromophobe with clear cell

2 (3.3)

3 (4.5)

1 (5.6)

 Papillary with clear cell

7 (12.2)

2 (3.5)

2 (14.4)

 unknown type

2 (3.4)

2 (3.2)

1(6.7)

Sarcomatoid presence

5(8.8)

4 (6.5)

1 (6.7)

0.895

Treatment

0.877

 Sunitinib

43 (70.5)

45 (67.2)

13 (72.2)

 Sorafenib

8(13.1)

8 (11.9)

1 (5.6)

 Pazopanib

8 (13.1)

13(19.4)

4 (22.2)

 Temsirolimus

2 (3.3)

1 (1.5)

0

RECIST response

<0.001

 CR

0

2 (3.3)

5 (29.4)

 PR

2 (6.5)

27 (44.3)

8 (47.1)

 SD

7 (22.6)

23 (37.7)

3 (17.6)

 PD

22 (71.0)

19 (14.8)

1 (5.9)

Laboratory findings

 Leukocytosis/Leucopenia

15/0 (26.3/0)

8/3(13.8/5.2)

2/1(11.8/5.9)

0.140

 Anemia

43 (75.4)

28 (48.3)

5 (29.4)

<0.001

 Thrombocytosis/penia

11/2(19.3/3.5)

7/2 (12.1/3.4)

0/0

0.279

 Neutrophilia/penia

14/0 (24.6/0)

7/1(12.1/1.7)

1/1 (5.9/5.9)

0.089

 Lymphocytosis/penia

2/27 (3.5/47.4)

5/14 (8.6/24.1)

1/1 (5.9/5.9)

0.004

 Hyper/hypocalcemia

3/11 (5.3/19.3)

3/3 (5.2/5.2)

0/0

0.059

 Hypoalbuminemia

12 (20.3)

0

0

<0.001

 LDH elevated

8 (14.0)

4 (6.9)

0

0.190

 Neutrophil percent high/low

113 (19.3/5.3)

5/7 (8.6/12.1)

1/5 (5.9/29.4)

0.046

Progression-free survival (mo.)

2.7 (0.1–3.0)

9.3 (3.3–16.5)

56.6 (18.3–68.4)

<0.001

Overall survival (mo.)

6.9 (0.3–58.4)

18.6 (4.0–70.3)

68.3 (18.3–78.4)

<0.001