| |
Total coffee consumption
|
Filtered coffee consumption
|
Instant coffee consumption
|
Boiled coffee consumption
|
|---|
|
Age-adjusted
|
Multivariablea
|
Age-adjusted
|
Multivariableb
|
Age-adjusted
|
Multivariableb
|
Age-adjusted
|
Multivariableb
|
|---|
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
HR
|
|---|
|
95 % CI
|
95 % CI
|
95 % CI
|
95 % CI
|
95 % CI
|
95 % CI
|
95 % CI
|
95 % CI
|
|---|
|
Light consumers
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
|
≤1 cup/day
|
|
Low-moderate consumers
|
0.93 (0.76–1.14)
|
0.95 (0.78–1.16)
|
0.85 (0.71–1.02)
|
0.80 (0.66–0.98)
|
1.34 (1.01–1.77)
|
1.17 (0.88–1.57)
|
1.01 (0.74–1.39)
|
1.13 (0.81–1.58)
|
|
>1–3 cups/day
|
|
High-moderate consumers
|
0.77 (0.63–0.96)
|
0.85 (0.68–1.05)
|
0.77 (0.62–0.96)
|
0.77 (0.61–0.97)
|
0.92 (0.52–1.63)
|
0.85 (0.48–1.52)
|
0.74 (0.48–1.13)
|
0.89 (0.58–1.39)
|
|
>3–5 cups/day
|
|
Heavy consumers
|
0.72 (0.56–0.92)
|
0.88 (0.67–1.14)
|
0.68 (0.50–0.92)
|
0.74 (0.53–1.02)
|
1.56 (0.78–3.10)
|
1.45 (0.72–2.92)
|
0.66 (0.38–1.14)
|
0.87 (0.49–1.55)
|
|
>5 cups/day
|
|
p
trend
|
0.002
|
0.20
|
0.002
|
0.02
|
0.10
|
0.39
|
0.07
|
0.72
|
- Cat. categorical, cont. continuous
- aAdjusted for smoking status, duration of education (cat.), body mass index (cat.), physical activity level (cont.), alcohol consumption (g/day) (cat.), area of residence, original hair color, number of moles larger than 5 mm (cat.), average number of sunburns per year (cont.)
- bAdjusted for smoking status, duration of education (cat.), body mass index (cat.), physical activity level (cont.), alcohol consumption (g/day) (cat.), area of residence, original hair color, number of moles larger than 5 mm (cat.), average number of sunburns per year (cont.), and mutually adjusted for the consumption of coffee brewed with two other methods (cat.)
