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Table 5 Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) of malignant melanoma (n = 762) according to total, filtered, instant, and boiled coffee consumption in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, 1991–2013 (N = 104,080)

From: Coffee consumption and the risk of malignant melanoma in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Study

 

Total coffee consumption

Filtered coffee consumption

Instant coffee consumption

Boiled coffee consumption

Age-adjusted

Multivariablea

Age-adjusted

Multivariableb

Age-adjusted

Multivariableb

Age-adjusted

Multivariableb

HR

HR

HR

HR

HR

HR

HR

HR

95 % CI

95 % CI

95 % CI

95 % CI

95 % CI

95 % CI

95 % CI

95 % CI

Light consumers

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 ≤1 cup/day

Low-moderate consumers

0.93 (0.76–1.14)

0.95 (0.78–1.16)

0.85 (0.71–1.02)

0.80 (0.66–0.98)

1.34 (1.01–1.77)

1.17 (0.88–1.57)

1.01 (0.74–1.39)

1.13 (0.81–1.58)

 >1–3 cups/day

High-moderate consumers

0.77 (0.63–0.96)

0.85 (0.68–1.05)

0.77 (0.62–0.96)

0.77 (0.61–0.97)

0.92 (0.52–1.63)

0.85 (0.48–1.52)

0.74 (0.48–1.13)

0.89 (0.58–1.39)

 >3–5 cups/day

Heavy consumers

0.72 (0.56–0.92)

0.88 (0.67–1.14)

0.68 (0.50–0.92)

0.74 (0.53–1.02)

1.56 (0.78–3.10)

1.45 (0.72–2.92)

0.66 (0.38–1.14)

0.87 (0.49–1.55)

 >5 cups/day

p trend

0.002

0.20

0.002

0.02

0.10

0.39

0.07

0.72

  1. Cat. categorical, cont. continuous
  2. aAdjusted for smoking status, duration of education (cat.), body mass index (cat.), physical activity level (cont.), alcohol consumption (g/day) (cat.), area of residence, original hair color, number of moles larger than 5 mm (cat.), average number of sunburns per year (cont.)
  3. bAdjusted for smoking status, duration of education (cat.), body mass index (cat.), physical activity level (cont.), alcohol consumption (g/day) (cat.), area of residence, original hair color, number of moles larger than 5 mm (cat.), average number of sunburns per year (cont.), and mutually adjusted for the consumption of coffee brewed with two other methods (cat.)