Fig. 5

Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes. Normal bladder tissue from 15 unrelated donors with BPH together with tumour and matched benign tissue from 27 cystectomy patients were analysed. Real-time qPCR expression data were imported into DataAssist (ABI) for unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Distances between samples and assays were calculated based on the delta-Ct values using Pearson’s correlation. Differentially expressed genes are represented in rows and the different samples are represented in columns. Each cell in the heat map represents one samples relative expression of one gene. For each gene assay, the middle expression level was set as the median of all of the delta-Ct-values of all samples for that gene assay. Gene expression colour codes in the heat map: Green colour represents relative levels of mRNA lower than the middle value for that gene expression assay (decreased gene expression); Red colour represents levels of mRNA higher than the middle expression level (increased gene expression); Dark colour reflects an mRNA expression level closer to the middle expression level (no major increase or decrease in gene expression). Patient samples: Blue colour: The normal bladder tissue taken from BHP patients is numbered 1–15N; Green colour: Normal benign tissue taken peripherally to the tumour is numbered 1–27N; Red colour: tumour tissue is numbered 1–27T. Genes: Purple colour: Clock genes; Black colour: cancer associated genes. (Clustering method: complete linkage. Map type: assay centric)