Fig. 4

Relative mRNA quantity of KRT7, KRT14, NRAS, TP53 and UPAR. Real-time quantitative PCR expression levels normalized against the endogenous control β-actin. The figure gives the comparison between 27 tumour and matched benign bladder tissue samples. Columns, median; bars, a: KRT7, b: KRT14, c: NRAS, d: TP53 and e: UPAR. The gene expression levels of the cytokeratins, the NRAS and TP53 were significantly elevated in the tumour versus benign bladder tissue, while the expression of UPAR was significantly elevated in the benign tissue compared to the tumour. The changes were consistent for each pair of tumour - neighbouring mucosa, indicated by the p-value of the statistical test (non-parametric paired samples Mann-Whitney test)