Fig. 3

Relative mRNA quantity of PER1, PER2, PER3 and CRY2. Real-time quantitative PCR expression levels normalized against the endogenous control β-actin (ACTB). The figure gives the comparison between 27 tumour and matched benign bladder tissue samples. Columns, median; bars, a: PER1, b: PER2, c: PER3 and d: CRY2. The relative gene expression of all four genes was significantly elevated in the benign versus malignant bladder tissue. The changes were consistent for each pair of tumour - neighbouring mucosa, indicated by the p-value of the statistical test (non-parametric paired samples Mann-Whitney test)