Fig. 2

mRNA fold change gene expression plots. Gene expression levels in benign neighbouring mucosa and tumour tissue relative to normal bladder mucosa tissue from BPH patients. The relative quantity plots display the log2 fold change in mRNA levels in the benign (blue bars) and tumour (red bars) tissue taken from cystectomies (27 patients) versus normal bladder tissue from BPH patients. The bars in a. display the log2 fold change (log2 RQ) in mRNA levels of the clock genes, while the tumour marker genes are plotted in b. Genes with a negative value are down-regulated, while genes with a positive value are up-regulated in the malignant bladder (tumour and benign tissue) versus the normal bladder (whose log2 value is 0 for each gene). Statistical significance with a p-value ≤ 0.05 was found for KRT7, PER1, PER2, PTEN, uPAR and PAI-1 (Two-sample, two-tailed Student’s t-test)