Fig. 5

Tc52 induces senescence in VH7 fibroblasts. VH7 fibroblasts were treated as indicated in Fig. 4, including an additional 5 μM Tc52 concentration, for measuring SAβGal-activity. There is a clear increase in cells with active SAβGal as well as changes in cellular morphology, i.e., enlargement and flattening (panel a, black arrows). Lower panel b displays evaluation of SAβGal-activity. There is a significant dose- and time-dependent increase in SAβGal-activity per cell. Different doses at one time-point were compared and significance was calculated by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni Multiple Comparison Test (#). Significant dose-dependency is detected at all time points except for 30 h, which shows difference between 2 μM and 5 μM or 10 μM, but not between 5 μM and 10 μM Tc52. Individual doses over time were compared to controls and significance was calculated by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's Multiple Comparison Test, p < 0.01 = **