Table 5 Cox univariate analysis of relative risk of death from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by β-catenin and PROX1 expression (n = 156)
From: PROX1 and β-catenin are prognostic markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Covariate | n | HR | 95 % CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PROX1 expression | ||||
Low | 80 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
High | 74 | 0.70 | 0.49–1.00 | 0.053 |
Missing | 2 | |||
β-catenin expression | ||||
Low | 53 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
High | 100 | 0.61 | 0.42–0.88 | 0.008 |
Missing | 3 | |||
Combined PROX1 and β-catenin expression | ||||
Low | 38 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
Moderate | 56 | 0.69 | 0.22–1.01 | 0.103 |
High | 58 | 0.52 | 0.33–0.83 | 0.006 |
Missing | 4 | |||
Age at operation | ||||
< 65 | 77 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
≥ 65 | 79 | 1.06 | 0.74–1.50 | 0.752 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 86 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
Female | 70 | 0.93 | 0.65–1.32 | 0.668 |
T | ||||
1 | 12 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
2 | 40 | 1.02 | 0.47–2.24 | 0.957 |
3 | 101 | 1.65 | 0.80–3.41 | 0.178 |
4 | 3 | 4.09 | 1.07–15.66 | 0.040 |
N | ||||
0 | 48 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
1 | 108 | 1.80 | 1.20–2.70 | 0.004 |
Grade | ||||
1 | 22 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
2 | 90 | 1.14 | 0.66–1.96 | 0.644 |
3 | 21 | 2.05 | 1.04–4.02 | 0.038 |
Missing | 23 | |||
Stage | ||||
IA, and IB | 27 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
IIA, and IIB | 126 | 2.01 | 1.19–3.41 | 0.009 |
III | 3 | 5.23 | 1.49–18.34 | 0.010 |
Stage and LNR | ||||
IA, IB, and IIA | 47 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
IIB, III and LNR <20 % | 73 | 1.50 | 0.97–2.31 | 0.071 |
IIB, III and LNR >20 % | 36 | 3.12 | 1.91–5.11 | <0.001 |
Perivascular invasion | ||||
No | 43 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
Yes | 83 | 1.89 | 1.27–2.83 | 0.002 |
Missing | 30 | |||
Perineural invasion | ||||
No | 30 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
Yes | 101 | 1.44 | 0.90–2.31 | 0.126 |
Missing | 25 | |||
Postoperative adjuvant therapy | ||||
No | 75 | 1.00 | 1.000 | |
Yes | 79 | 0.65 | 0.45–0.92 | 0.016 |
Missing | 2 | |||